Chapter 45
=Le Moyne.= _See_ Bienville; Iberville; Longueuil.
=Le National.= Newspaper published at Montreal. =Index=: =C= Founded as organ of _Le Parti National_, in 1872, 30.
=Leonard, Samuel.= =T= English schoolmaster, 5.
=Leopard and Chesapeake.= =Bk= Affair of, 82-86.
=Leroux, Laurent= (1758-1855). Western fur trader. =Index=: =MS= Builds post on Great Slave Lake, 18; sends Sutherland and the "English Chief"
to northern tribes, 18; with Mackenzie at Chipewyan, 33; Mackenzie's return, 48; post on Great Slave Lake, 49; sent to Beaver Indians, 49.
=Bib.=: Morice, _Dict. Hist. des Canadiens de l'Ouest_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=Le Roy, Marguerite.= =Ch= Mother of Champlain, 1.
=Le Sage, Captain.= =WM= Repulses landing of English, 107.
=Lesage, Marguerite.= =Ch= Wife of Nicolas Rivert, 146.
=Lescarbot, Marc.= Born at Vervins, near Laon, France, about 1570.
Studied law and called to the bar in 1599. The previous year delivered two Latin orations before the papal legate sent by Clement VIII to arrange the terms of the treaty of Vervins. Through Poutrincourt (_q.v._), who had been one of his clients, induced to sail for Port Royal, 1606; and spent twelve months in the New World, returning to France in 1607. While at Port Royal, took an active part in the work of building, gardening, etc., spent much of his time hunting and fis.h.i.+ng; and in the evening read and composed many of the poems afterwards included in his _Muses de la Nouvelle France_. On his return, set to work to prepare his account of Acadia. Spent the years 1612 to 1614 in Switzerland; married in 1619. Beyond this year, nothing is known of his life. =Index=: =Ch= Arrival of, at Port Royal, 35; useful in the colony, 37; returns to France, 37. =Bib.=: _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_, Paris, 1609; 2nd ed., 1611; reprinted 1612; 3rd ed., 1618; reprint of 1612 issue, 1866. In 1907 the Champlain Society, Toronto, published a new edition, with an English translation and notes by W. L. Grant, and an introduction by H. P. Biggar. _See also_ Demarsy, _Notes sur Marc Lescarbot_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_.
=Le Sire.= =Ch= Clerk in De Caen's company, 138.
=Leslie, Alexander= (1740?-1794). British general. =Index=: =Dr= In command at Charleston, S. C., 197; embarks his force with large number of refugees, 204; joins Carleton at New York, 205.
=Leslie, James.= =BL= Victim of election frauds in 1841--elected for Vercheres, 1842, 116; president of Executive Council, 1848, 284; a radical, 284; given seat in Legislative Council, 285; at farewell banquet to La Fontaine, 354. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Lesseps, Ferdinand de= (1805-1894). Eminent French engineer. =Index=: =Ch= Undertakes Panama Ca.n.a.l, 6. =Bib.=: Chambers, _Biog. Dict._
=Leslie, James= (1802-1885). Born in Dundee, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1820, settling first at Kingston, and afterwards at Toronto. A member of the first city council of Toronto. Arrested and imprisoned in connection with the Rebellion of 1837. Purchased the _Examiner_, 1844, and conducted it for ten years. One of the founders of the Clear Grit party.
=Index=: =E= Proprietor of the Toronto _Examiner_, and a leader of the Clear Grits, 110-111. =Mc= President of Canadian Alliance Society, 258; delivers rejoinder to governor, 300; refuses to sign "declaration of independence," 331. =B= Leader of the Clear Grits, 39. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_.
=Lestrees, Abbey of.= =L= Bestowed by king on diocese of Quebec, 136.
=Le Sueur, Jean de St. Sauveur.= =Ch= Comes to Quebec, 252; G.o.dfather to young Hurons, 223.
=Le Tardif, Olivier.= Born in Normandy, 1601. Came to Canada, 1620, and employed as an interpreter at Quebec. Married Louise Couillard, 1637.
=Index=: =Ch= Interpreter, 144; remains in Quebec during English occupation, 208.
=Letellier de St. Just, Luc= (1820-1881). Born at Riviere Ouelle, Quebec. Called to the Senate for the division of Grandville, 1867; a member of the ministry, 1873; and in 1876 appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec; dismissed from office, 1879. =Index=: =Md= Appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 247; quarrels with and dismisses the provincial ministry, 247-248; Macdonald brings the matter before Parliament, 248-249; his dismissal on the advice of the Dominion Cabinet, 249-250; his
=Le Testu, Captain.= =Ch= Member of court to try Duval for conspiracy, 43.
=Le Valois, Father.= =L= Recommends Saint-Vallier to succeed Laval, 199.
=Levis, Gaston-Francois, Chevalier de= (1720-1787). Entered French army in 1735; named second in command to Montcalm, 1756; sailed for Canada the same year. On the death of Montcalm at Quebec, succeeded to the command of the French forces, and won the battle of Ste. Foy, 1760.
After the capitulation, returned to France, and served under Conde against Prince Ferdinand. Created a marshal, 1783, and the following year a duke and peer of France. =Index=: =WM= Second in command to Montcalm, 2; his birth and descent, 8; military service 9, 10; character, 11; at battle of Carillon, 55, 60; confidence of Montcalm in, 85; persuades Montcalm to extend line of defence to Montmorency River, 105; his great activity, 110, 118, 126; his bravery, 137; praises courage of troops, both regulars and Canadians, 143; congratulated by Vaudreuil on victory at Montmorency, 144; sent to defend western frontiers, 147; his absence from princ.i.p.al scene of conflict has disastrous results, 147; sends encouraging news from Montreal, 157; his presence and counsel much desired by Montcalm, 165; his absence on eve of battle greatly felt by Montcalm, 195; Montcalm bequeaths his papers to, 219; arrives at Jacques Cartier and takes command, 227; disapproves of retreat, 227; marches army back in hope of relieving Quebec, 229; his regret for death of Montcalm, 233; hears of capitulation of Quebec, 234; decides to march on Quebec in the spring, 241; his efforts to supply needs of his army, 242; occupies Ste. Foy, 256-266; takes possession of General Hospital, 265; arrival of British fleet compels him to retire, 267; surrender at Montreal, 268; his high military qualities, 268. =L= French general, burning of his flags by, 12. =Hd= Defeats Murray, 34; his final struggle, 36-37; surrenders, 38; account of having burned French flags, 39; not forgotten, 122. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_; Bradley, _Fight with France_; _Collection des Ma.n.u.scrits du Marechal de Levis_, ed. by Casgrain.
=Levis, Heights of.= Opposite Quebec. =Index=: =WM= Skirmis.h.i.+ng on, 102.
=Lewis, John.= =T= Confederation candidate, elected in Albert County, New Brunswick, 89, 107.
=Lewis, Meriwether= (1774-1809), and =Clark, William= (1770-1838).
American explorers. Sent by the United States Government, in 1803, to find an overland route to the Pacific by way of the Missouri. They ascended the Missouri in 1804, to the Mandan villages; wintered there; continued their journey in 1805, crossed the Rocky Mountains, and descended the Columbia River to its mouth. They spent the winter there, and retraced their steps in 1806 to the Missouri and St. Louis. Their party consisted of fourteen soldiers, nine young men from Kentucky, two boatmen, an interpreter, a hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.
=Index=: =D= At Clatsop, 44; on the Columbia, 59; their overland expedition, 60, 64, 66; mouth of the Columbia the objective, 66; objects of the enterprise, 66; personnel of the expedition, 67; route followed by, 67; information collected, 67; winter at Fort Clatsop, 67. =Bib.=: _History of the Expedition to the Pacific Ocean_, Philadelphia, 1814; new ed., New York, 1843. In addition to other reprints, three recent editions are: the Chicago edition of 1902, with introd. by Dr. J.K.
Hosmer; the edition of 1893, in 4 vols., with copious notes and other critical equipment by Dr. Elliott Coues; and the even more elaborate edition prepared by Dr. R.G. Thwaites, New York, 1905, 8 vols. For biog.
of Lewis and Clark, _see_ Jefferson's _Life of Lewis_ in _Old South Leaflets_, no. 44, and in the Hosmer edition; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lexington.= =Hd= Skirmish at, 103.
=Liard River.= A tributary of the Mackenzie; rises in the Yukon district, south-west of Frances Lake, about lat. 61, long. 131. Its length is about 550 miles. Explored by McLeod in 1834, and by Campbell in 1840. The Upper Liard is known only by Indian report. Fort Simpson, of the Hudson's Bay Company, is at the mouth of the main river; and Fort Liard at the confluence of Black River and the Liard, not far from the point where British Columbia, the Yukon, and the North-West Territories meet. =Index=: =D= Operations of Hudson's Bay Company on, 123.
=Libel.= =Mc= Mackenzie's bill on, 163.
=Liberal.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =B= Radical journal, founded after Liberal victory of 1874, 235.
=Liberal Party.= =B= Growth of, 209; overthrows Sir John A. Macdonald's government, and Ontario coalition government, 209-210. _See_ Reform Party.
=Libraries.= The first public library in Canada was the Quebec library, founded in 1779 largely through the efforts of Haldimand. After many vicissitudes, the library was absorbed by the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. The first college library was that of the Seminary at Quebec, 1668; Montreal College library was opened in 1767; and King's College library in 1790. Legislative libraries were established in each of the provinces at an early date. In 1841 the libraries of Upper and Lower Canada were combined, and from this year dates the establishment of the library of Parliament. The first circulating library in Upper Canada was founded at Niagara in 1800. Similar libraries existed in Montreal as early as 1824, and at Kingston in 1836; the Red River library was founded at Fort Garry in 1847. =Index=: =Hd= First in Canada established by Haldimand, 190; merged in 1869 into Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 190; objects and cost of, 191; appreciation of, 191. =R= Public school libraries established by Dr.
Ryerson, for use by the community, 185-187. =MS= One established by Roderick Mackenzie at Fort Chipewyan, 26. =BL= W. L. Mackenzie maintains a circulating library, 13. =E= Provided for in Upper Canada after 1841, 88. =S= For Upper Canada, Simcoe recommends government to establish, 46; plan not adopted, 175. _See also_ Books. =Bib.=: Bain, _Public Libraries of Canada_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.
=Licorne.= =WM= Frigate in which Montcalm embarked at Brest, 12.
=Lieutenant-governor.= =Mc= Office of, Durham's view of power of, 56, 57; surroundings of, in 1838, 61; position in both Upper and Lower Canada, 62.
=Lieutenants.= =S= Intended to be a.n.a.logous to lords-lieutenant in England, appointed by Governor Simcoe for the princ.i.p.al counties in Upper Canada, 197; measure not approved by secretary of state, 197; appointments not continued by later governors, 198.
=Ligneris.= =WM= Force gathered by, and Aubry, dispersed, 146.
=Lincoln, Abraham= (1809-1865). Fourteenth president of the United States. =Index=: =B= Believed by George Brown to be favourable to renewal of Reciprocity Treaty, 192. =Bib.=: For biog. sketch, and bibliog. of lives, _see Cyc. Am. Biog._; Larned, _Lit. Am. Hist._
=Lincoln, Benjamin= (1733-1810). American general. =Index=: =S= United States commissioner, entertained by Simcoe at Navy Hall, 184, 229.
=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lindsay, W. B.= =Sy= Made clerk of Legislative a.s.sembly, 334.
=Lindsay, William.= =T= Elected for the county of Carleton, New Brunswick, 89, 107.
=Linschot.= =Ch= His definition of the territory of New France, 211.
=Lippincott, Captain.= =Dr= Hangs Joshua Huddy, 198.
=Liquor Question.= =B= Agitated by Brown and the _Globe_, 75; the Canada Company and cheap whiskey, 75; the movement in and out of Parliament, 75-76. _See also_ Brandy question; Stills; Cas reserve.
=Lisgar, John Young, Baron= (1807-1876). Born at Bombay. Entered Parliament in 1831; became lord of treasury in 1841, and secretary of the treasury, 1844-1846; chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-1855; and lord high commissioner of the Ionian Islands, 1855-1859. In 1861 sent to New South Wales as governor-general. Seven years later came to Canada as administrator; and the following year appointed governor-general.
Succeeded by Lord Dufferin in 1872. =Index=: =C= His arrival in Canada, 89; expresses views of Little Englanders--advises Canada to declare her independence, 89. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.= =P= Founded by Lord Dalhousie, 41. =Bib.=: _See_ list of publications, from 1829, in _Lit.
Am. Hist._; _also_ Wurtele, _List of Lectures, Papers, etc., 1829-1891_.