Chapter 44
=La Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de= (1685-1749). Son of Rene Gaultier, Sieur de Varennes, governor of Three Rivers. Served in the New England campaign of 1704, and the following year in Newfoundland. In 1707 with the army in Flanders, and wounded at Malplaquet in 1709. Returning to Canada, engaged in the fur trade, for some years on the St. Maurice, and 1727-1728 on Lake Nipigon. There conceived the idea of exploring the unknown country beyond Lake Superior, to discover the Western Sea, a project to which he devoted the remainder of his life. Left Montreal for the West in 1731; built forts on Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods, and in the succeeding years penetrated to Lake Winnipeg, Red River, and the a.s.siniboine. In 1738 made a journey to the Mandan villages on the Missouri; and the following year one of his sons penetrated to the Saskatchewan. In 1742, unable to go himself, sent two of his sons far to the south-west. They hoped, as he had always hoped, to reach at last the Western Sea, but were baffled by hostile tribes and the barrier of the Rocky Mountains. In 1743 returned finally to Montreal, broken in health and heavily in debt. Six years later died there. His sons begged to be allowed to continue his western explorations, but hostile influences made this impossible. =WM= Discoverer of the Rocky Mountains, 19. =L= Carries explorations as far as the Rocky Mountains, 11. =MS= Leads the way inland from Lake Superior, 3; his search for Western Sea, 40; his reply to charge of making money in fur trade, 281. =Bib.=: Prud'homme, _Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Verendrye_ (R. S. C., 1905); Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_; Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_. _See also_ his journals in _Canadian Archives Report_, 1889; Richard's _Summary_ (Can. Arch., 1904); and Margry, _Decouvertes et etabliss.e.m.e.nts des Francais_. His _Journals_ are now being edited for the Champlain Society, Toronto.
=La Vigne, Captain de.= =Ch= Sails for France with Champlain, 141.
=Laviolette.= =Hd= Three Rivers founded by, in 1634, 43-44.
=Law.= =Dr= Confusion and abuse in administration of, 51-55.
=Law, Captain John.= =S= First sergeant at arms of the Upper Canada a.s.sembly, 85; a retired officer of the Queen's Rangers, 85.
=Law, John.= =R= Headmaster of Gore district Grammar School, Upper Canada, 4; Egerton Ryerson studies under, 5.
=Lawrence, Charles.= Entered the army as ensign, 1727; captain, 1742; and major, 1747. Accompanied Warburton's Infantry to Nova Scotia, and engaged in the French wars at Cobequid, 1749-1750; brigadier-general under Amherst at the siege of Louisbourg, 1758. Nine years earlier had been appointed a member of the Council of Nova Scotia; administered the government on the retirement of Governor Hopson, 1753; lieutenant-governor, 1754; and governor, 1756. The first a.s.sembly met under his governors.h.i.+p, 1758. Responsible for the expulsion of the Acadians. Died at Halifax, Oct. 19, 1760. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Akins, _History of Halifax_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_; Richard, _Acadia_. _See also_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.
=Lawrence, Joseph W.= =T= Supports Tilley in 1850, 10.
=Laws, Captain.= =Dr= Sent with seventy men to attack Arnold in rear, 129; completes discomfiture of enemy, 131. =Hd= Effects arrest of Du Calvet, 285.
=Le Baillif.= =Ch= Under clerk at Tadoussac, 133; placed in charge of storehouse by Kirke, 195; a bad character, 202-204.
=Le Baillif, George.= =Ch= Recollet missionary, 87; goes to France, as delegate from colony, 136.
=Lebel, J. G.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 187.
=Le Ber, Jeanne=, daughter of Jacques Le Ber, of Montreal. =Index=: =L= Birth, baptism, and virtues of, 91; mortifications practised by, 92.
=Le Ber, Pierre.= =L= House of charity established by, 245.
=Le Ber de Senneville, Jacques= (1633-1706). One of the princ.i.p.al merchants of Montreal; married in 1658 Jeanne, sister of Charles Le Moyne. In 1673 engaged with Aubert de la Chesnaye in the fur trade at Cataraqui, and aroused the hostility of Governor Perrot of Montreal, who was also interested in the fur trade. In 1675 sold out his rights at Cataraqui to La Salle; and four years later acquired the seigniory of Senneville. Mentioned in 1691 as in a fur-trading partners.h.i.+p with Frontenac. =Index=: =F= Imprisoned by Perrot, 92; La Barre's dealings with, 175. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Borgne de Belle Isle, Emmanuel.= =Ch= Takes Fort St. Pierre, 236.
=Le Brun de Duplessis, Jean-Baptiste.= Born at Corbie, in Picardy, about 1730. Came to Canada about 1755 and joined the Bearn Regiment;
_See_ R. S. C., _Trans._, 1900, I, 129-130. =Index=: =Dr= Carleton's account of, 68.
=Le Canadien.= Newspaper, published at Quebec. =Index=: =BL= On the political situation in 1842, 116. =C= First French newspaper in Quebec, 95; suppressed by Governor Craig, 95. =P= Established in 1806 by Bedard, Panet, and other French-Canadian leaders, 28; suppressed by Sir James Craig, 29.
=Le Caron, Joseph.= =Ch= Recollet missionary, 85; goes to country of the Hurons, 88; with Champlain visits the Tionnontates or Petuneux, 106; meets Father d'Olbeau at Three Rivers, 107; sails for France, 111; becomes commissary of the Recollets, in Canada, 112; performs first marriage ceremony in Canada, 113; proceeds to Huron country, 149; returns to France, 208; death of, 226. =L= Missionary labours of, 3.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.
=Le Chausseur.= =F= Secretary to Frontenac, 139.
=Le Clercq, Chrestien.= Recollet missionary in Canada, and historian of his order. =Index=: =F= On great need for Recollet order in Canada, 72; on Schenectady ma.s.sacre, 247; on "flag" incident in siege of Quebec, 296. =Ch= Quoted, 112, 114; praises virtue of early Canadian settlers, 258. =Bib.=: _etabliss.e.m.e.nt de la Foy dans la Nouvelle France_, trans.
by Shea, under the t.i.tle _First Establishment of the Faith_; _Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspesie_, trans. for the Champlain Society by Ganong, under the t.i.tle _New Relation of Gaspesia_. Both these translations give in the introductions biographical details of the author as far as known.
=Lecompte-Dupre, J. B.= =Dr= Colonel of Quebec militia, 246.
=Le Diable.= =WM= Name given to floating battery, 87, 104.
=Le Du.= =S= French priest, deported, 190.
=Lee.= =W= Receiver-general, New Brunswick, 69.
=Le Faucheur.= =Ch= One of the men landed by Kirke on St. Pierre Island, 174.
=Le Foulon.= Now known as Wolfe's Cove. =Index=: =WM= Guard of 100 men at, 160; Wolfe carefully examines from the river, 168; learns that it is poorly guarded, 171; effects landing at, 181.
=Le Gardeur de Repentigny, Jean Baptiste= (1632-1709). Son of Pierre Le Gardeur (_q.v._). His father brought him to Canada at the age of four years. Resided in Montreal, 1642-1643; and in 1656 married Marguerite, daughter of Jean Nicolet, the explorer. In 1663 elected mayor of Quebec, but promptly resigned under official pressure, the policy of the government being opposed to anything approaching popular government.
Raised a company of volunteers at Quebec in 1665, and accompanied the regulars to Three Rivers, which they were just in time to save from an Iroquois attack. In 1687 accompanied Denonville on his expedition against the Iroquois. =Index=: =F= Goes to France on behalf of Montreal colonists, 36. =Ch= Acts as G.o.dfather to young Hurons, 233. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Gardeur de Repentigny, Pierre.= Arrived at Quebec from Normandy with his wife and family, 1636. Obtained a grant of land from the Company of New France, and engaged in the fur trade. In 1644 went to France to secure concessions for the Company of Habitants, which he had been instrumental in organizing. In 1647 granted the seigniories of Cournoyer and Repentigny, but did not live long to enjoy them, as he died the following year on his way to France. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Gardeur de Tilly, Charles= (1611-1695). Brother of Pierre Le Gardeur de Repentigny; a native of Normandy; came to Canada in 1636; and in 1648 made governor of Three Rivers. Married the same year Genevieve Juchereau. In 1660 granted the fief of St. Michel by the Company of New France; and transferred it to the Seminary in 1668. In 1673 acted for the governor, Frontenac, during his absence at Cataraqui, but afterwards fell into his bad graces. =Index=: =L= Member of Sovereign Council, 158, 166; temporarily banished from Quebec, 167. =F= Member of Sovereign Council, 106. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Legendre, Lucas.= =Ch= Purchases supplies for De Monts's second expedition to Quebec, 56.
=Legislative a.s.sembly.= =Mc= Composition of, under Const.i.tutional Act, 53; Goldwin Smith on, 54; irritation between, and Executive Council, 54, 55; Lord Durham on, 56, 58, 59, 60; true principle of government, 61, 63. =S= First of Upper Canada, list of members and their counties, 80; opening of, at Niagara, 82.
=Legislative Council.= =Mc= Created by Const.i.tutional Act, 52; Lord Durham criticizes and suggests revision, 57; att.i.tude of Lower Canada Reformers to, 69; rejects three hundred and twenty-five bills in eight years, 73; Sir John Colborne on, 268; collision with a.s.sembly, 276; should be elective, 277; Glenelg insists that it shall be non-elective, 324. =Sy= Its const.i.tution, 77, 175; its activity under Const.i.tutional Act, 80; in Lower Canada English-speaking element dominant in, 81; demand that it should be made elective, 84; Sydenham's description of, 220; enlarged by Sir George Arthur with good results, 220; members opposed to union record their dissent, 231; =S= Suspicious of later Loyalist emigration, 57. =Dr= Appointed under Quebec Act, first meeting of, 90; how composed, 269; its power of veto, 277; its sympathies with governor and against people, 277. =Hd= Its welcome to Haldimand, 117-118; composition of, 175; statement made regarding power of, 188; sees Haldimand depart, 309; changes in members.h.i.+p of, at change of governor, 314.
=Legislative Union.= =Md= Strongly favoured by Macdonald; opposed by Maritime Provinces and Lower Canada, 107-109, 245.
=L'Huillier, Raoul.= =Ch= Director of Company of New France, 170.
=Leisler, Jacob.= =F= Seizes government of New York, 266.
=Le Jeune, Paul.= Superior of Jesuits in Canada. Came to Canada in 1632, and went on a mission to the Algonquians the following year; succeeded by Vimont as superior, 1639; appointed to the governor's Council, 1640; returned to France the same year; proposed for bishop of Quebec.
=Index=: =L= Bishopric of Quebec offered to, 25. =F= Preaches funeral sermon on Champlain, 27. =Ch= Celebrates ma.s.s in house of Mme. Hebert, 148; his letter on education of Indian children, 230, 231; describes first service in church, 239; preaches funeral sermon over Champlain, 261; advises Mme. Champlain, 264. =Bib.=: _Relations_, 1632-1640; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.
=Lelievre, S.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 186.
=Lemaire.= =L= Servant in the Seminary, Laval's account of, 250.
=Lemaistre, Simon.= =Ch= Director of Company of New France, 170.
=Lemaitre.= =L= Sulpician, comes out in _St. Andre_, 31; his attentions to those suffering from the plague, 32; dies a martyr, 91.
=Le Marchant, Sir John Gaspard= (1803-1874). =H= Becomes governor of Nova Scotia, 1852, 143; his connection with the Foreign Enlistment Act, 149-152. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Lemoyne, Mme. Jacques.= =L= Land bought from, for church at Montreal, 88.
=Le Moyne, Paul, Sieur de Maricourt= (1663-1704). Son of Charles Le Moyne, Sieur de Longueuil. Born in Montreal. Accompanied De Troyes and Iberville on the expedition against the Hudson Bay forts, Moose Factory, Rupert, and Albany, in 1686; and left in charge of the captured posts when the leaders returned to Quebec. Again served with Iberville on the bay in 1689, in the capture of the _Hamps.h.i.+re_. The following year brought a party of voyageurs to help in the defence of Quebec against Admiral Phipps. Once more with his brother Iberville on Hudson Bay, in 1694, and took part in the capture of Fort Nelson. Inherited much of his father's remarkable influence over the Iroquois, and negotiated an important treaty with them about the beginning of the eighteenth century. =Index=: =F= Accompanies expedition to Hudson Bay, 206; arrives at Quebec, during siege by Phipps, 292; with his brother, Iberville, in Hudson Bay, 343. =L= Takes part in expedition to Hudson Bay, 204.
=Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_. _See also_ Iberville.
=Lemoyne, Simon.= =Ch= Jesuit, professor in College of Rouen, 207.
=Le Moyne de Ste. Helene, Jacques= (1659-1690). Son of Charles Le Moyne, and brother of Iberville, Bienville, and other members of this noted family. Trained, like Iberville, for the navy; returned to Canada, and in 1686 accompanied De Troyes on the Hudson Bay expedition. Took part in the raid on Schenectady in 1690; and mortally wounded during the siege of Quebec by Phipps. =Index=: =F= Accompanies expedition to Hudson Bay, 208; commands in war party against Schenectady, 235; mortally wounded in skirmish on Beauport flats, 299. =L= Takes part in expedition to Hudson Bay, 204; killed in siege of Quebec, 231. =Bib.=: _See_ Iberville.
=Le Moyne de Serigny, Joseph= (1668-1734). Son of Charles Le Moyne, and brother of Iberville, Bienville, and St. Helene. Accompanied Iberville to Hudson Bay, 1690, and left in command of Fort Albany after its capture. Again in the bay with Iberville in 1694 and in 1697. Given command of Fort Nelson the latter year. Joined Iberville in Louisiana in 1700, and a.s.sociated with him in the development of the colony. Reached high rank in the navy, and was governor of Rochefort at the time of his death. =Index=: =F= Goes to France on affairs of Hudson Bay, 345.
=Bib.=: _See_ Iberville.