Chapter 35
=Heavysege, Charles= (1816-1876). Born in Liverpool, England. Came to Canada, 1853. Settled in Montreal, and engaged in his trade of cabinet-making. Afterwards connected with the staff of the _Witness_.
Author of a number of dramas, the most remarkable of which was _Saul_.
=Bib.=: For his works, _see_ James, _Bibliography of Canadian Poetry_.
For biog., _see_ Burpee, _Charles Heavysege_ (R. S. C., 1901); Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=Hebert, Anne.= Eldest daughter of Louis Hebert, Quebec; married to Stephen Jonquest in the autumn of 1617, Father Le Caron officiating.
This was the first marriage in New France. =Index=: =Ch= Her marriage, 113; her death, 117.
=Hebert, Guillaume.= =Ch= Son of Louis, 146.
=Hebert, Louis.= Came from Paris to Acadia, 1604; mentioned there in 1610, and again in 1613-1614. Returned to France, and in 1617 came to Quebec, becoming the first permanent settler in New France. Died 1627.
=Index=: =F= First regular settler at Quebec, 16. =Ch= Consents to accompany Champlain to Canada, 111, 112; a valuable member of the colony, 112; signs complaint of the inhabitants, 136; his family, 146; previous life, 147; death of, 148; a native of Paris, 250; receives fief of Sault au Matelot, 251. =Bib.=: Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.
=Hebert, Guillemette.= =Ch= Wife of Guillaume Couillard, 146.
=Hebert, Madame.= =Ch= Ma.s.s celebrated in her house on restoration of Quebec, 225.
=Heceta, Bruno.= Commanded Spanish expedition to North-West Coast, 1775.
=Index=: =D= Discovers mouth of Columbia, 14, 15. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.
=Helmcken, John Sebastian.= Born in England, 1832. Studied medicine and admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1848.
Appointed surgeon at Vancouver Island by Hudson's Bay Company; first magistrate appointed in the colony. As magistrate stationed at Fort Rupert, where the miners were very unruly. In 1856 elected for Esquimalt district to the first Legislature of the colony; took a very active part in its deliberations; and became Speaker. Member of Executive Council, 1864-1871. Opposed Confederation in 1870. Sent to Ottawa the same year as one of the delegates to negotiate terms of union. =Index=: =D= Speaker of first Legislature of Vancouver Island, 210. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Begg, _History of British Columbia_.
=Henderson, Captain.= =Dr= With crews of two war vessels a.s.sists in defence of Quebec, 112.
=Henderson.= =WM= Private of grenadiers, helps to carry Wolfe off the field, 200.
=Hennepin, Louis.= Born in Ath, Belgium, about 1640. Entered order of Recollets. Sailed for Quebec, 1675. Stationed at Fort Frontenac, 1676.
Accompanied La Salle to the West, 1678. From Fort Crevecoeur (Peoria, Ill.), in 1680, descended the Illinois and explored the upper waters of the Mississippi. Captured by the Sioux and carried to their country.
After eight months, rescued by Du Lhut (_q.v._), pa.s.sed the winter at Michilimackinac, and returned to Quebec, 1682. Apparently satisfied with his adventures in the wilderness, returned to Europe, and settled in Holland, where devoted himself to the preparation of a series of narratives of his explorations, real and imaginary. Died there about 1706. =Bib.=: Works: _Description de la Louisiane_, etc.; _Nouvelle Decouverte,_ etc.; _Nouveau Voyage_, etc. For biog., and bibliog.
details of Hennepin's works, _see_ Thwaites's edition of the _New Discovery_, 1903. _See also_ Parkman, _La Salle_.
=Henri.= =Ch= Servant of Madame Hebert, murdered by Montagnais Indian, 164.
=Henrietta of France, Queen of England.= =Ch= Dowry of, 216.
=Henry IV, King of France= (1553-1610). Succeeded Henry III in 1589.
=Index=: =F= a.s.sa.s.sination of, 11. =Ch= a.s.sa.s.sinated, 64. =Bib.=: Chambers, _Biog. Dict._
=Henry, Alexander, the Elder= (1739-1824). One of the pioneer fur traders in north-western America. Born in New Jersey. Entered the fur trade as a young man, 1760, or perhaps earlier. His _Travels and Adventures_ open in that year and describe his experiences in the West for the following sixteen years. Sailed for Europe in 1776, where he made the acquaintance of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society, and had an opportunity of describing his adventures to Marie Antoinette. Afterwards settled in Montreal as a merchant. =Index=: =MS= Leaves Montreal for western fur country, 3. =Bib.=: _Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories_, New York, 1809; new ed., with biog. and other notes, by James Bain, Toronto, 1901. _See also_ Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=Henry, Alexander, the Younger.= Nephew of preceding. Entered service of North West Company about 1792. His _Journal_, the original ma.n.u.script of which is in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa, and which was published in 1897, with introduction and elaborate notes by Elliott Coues, contains an account of his western travels and experiences, 1799 to 1814. Drowned near Fort George, at the mouth of the Columbia, May 22, 1814. =Bib.=: Works: _New Light on the Early History of the Greater North-West_; _The Ma.n.u.script Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson_, ed. by Elliott Coues, New York, 1897. _See also_ Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.
=Henry, John.= =Bk= His mission to the New England states, 120; use made of his letters, 120; referred to in message of Madison to Congress, 186, 187; sells his letters to United States government, 187. =Bib.=: _Cyc.
Am. Biog._
=Henry, Patrick= (1736-1799). American statesman. =Index=: =Dr= His rhetorical exaggerations, 197. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Henry, William Alexander= (1816-1888). =H= Solicitor-general, Nova Scotia--becomes provincial secretary, 1856, 157; resigns from government, 164; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 177. =T= Delegate from Nova Scotia to Charlottetown Conference, 73; and to Quebec Conference, 76. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Herald.= Newspaper published at Montreal. Established 1808. =Index=: =BL= On debate on responsible government in Legislature, 1841, 94-95.
=Herald.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =BL= Account
=Herbin.= =WM= Commands the Montreal militia with Prud'homme, 105.
=Heriot, George= (1766-1844). Born in Island of Jersey. Came to Canada, and appointed a clerk in the ordnance department at Quebec, 1799; deputy postmaster-general of British North America, 1800; and afterwards postmaster-general. Served in the War of 1812; second in command under De Salaberry at Chateauguay; major-general, 1841. =Bib.=: Works: _History of Canada; Travels through the Canadas_. For biog., _see Cyc.
Am. Biog._
=Hermione.= =Bk= British war vessel, mutiny of crew, 11.
=Hermitage at Caen. L= Laval pa.s.ses three years at, 25.
=Hersault, Mme.= _See_ Camaret, Marie.
=Hertel, Francois.= =F= Commands Three Rivers war party, 235; his old age, 235; leader in ma.s.sacre of Salmon Falls, 251; joins De Portneuf in attack on Fort Loyal, 251. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Hertel, Jacques.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144; arrives from France in 1613, 144.
=Hertel de Rouville=. =Dr= Appointed judge, 183.
=Hervey, William= (1732-1815). British soldier. Spent the eight years 1755-1763 in North America. =Bib.=: _Journals of the Hon. William Hervey in North America and Europe from 1765 to 1814, with Order Books at Montreal, 1760-1763._
=Hessians.= =Hd= Established near Cataraqui, 265. =Dr= Applications from, for land grants, 218.
=Hey, William.= An English lawyer; succeeded William Gregory as chief-justice of Quebec, 1766. Went to England, 1773, in connection with the Quebec Act, and did not return to Canada until 1775. Left Canada finally the same year, having been elected to the British House of Commons for Sandwich, in 1774. Vacated his seat in 1776, and appointed a commissioner of customs. Died, 1797. =Index=: =Dr= Chief-justice, not favourable to Walker, 37, 39; called as witness in connection with the Quebec Act, 63; evidence of, before House of Commons, 68; makes strong appeal to British at Montreal, 88. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can_.; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Const.i.tutional Development_; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.
=Hickson, Sir Joseph= (1830-1897). Born at Otterburn, England. After some years' practical experience on various English railways, came to Canada, 1862, as chief accountant of the Grand Trunk. Subsequently promoted to the office of secretary of the company; general manager, 1874. Between that year and 1890, when he retired, succeeded in bringing the Grand Trunk to the first rank among the railways of the continent.
=Higginson, Captain.= Private secretary to Sir Charles Metcalfe.
=Index=: =BL= His interview with La Fontaine--discusses const.i.tutional government, 172-173, 174, 175, 176.
=Highlanders.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 260.
=Hill, G. S.= =W= Member for Charlotte, in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, nominates Wilmot for speakers.h.i.+p, 66.
=Hill, P. C.= =H= Member of first Nova Scotia government after Confederation, 198.
=Hincks, Sir Francis= (1807-1885). =E= Appointed inspector-general by Sir Charles Bagot, 31; on Metcalfe, 38; returned in elections of 1848, 50; becomes inspector-general in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53; Ryerson's letter to, 90; his capacity for discreet, practical statesmans.h.i.+p, 93; his influence on railway construction, 99, 100; controversy with Howe, 101; his character and influence, 107; forms ministry, 107-108; makes concessions to leaders of Clear Grits, 112; inspector-general in Hincks-Morin ministry, 113; Brown's att.i.tude to, 114; and the Grand Trunk, 115; and the Clergy Reserves, 119; attacked by Garneau, 123; bitterly attacked by Brown, 125; reorganizes government, 125-126; his government defeated, 127; relations with John Sandfield Macdonald, 128; on the appeal to the country in 1854, 133; result of the elections, 133-134; elected in two const.i.tuencies, 134; and the speakers.h.i.+p in 1854, 135-136; resignation of ministry, 136; leader of the Liberals, 138; supports MacNab-Morin Liberal-Conservative government, 140, 141; visits London, 1852, 156; his views on Clergy Reserves, 163, 165, 166, 196; appointed governor of Barbados, 220; becomes governor of British Guiana, 220, 222; made Commander of the Bath, 222; his retirement from Imperial service, 1869, 222; receives knighthood, 222; returns to Canada, and becomes finance minister in Sir John Macdonald's ministry, 223; his final retirement from public life, 223; his character and his closing years, 223-224; writes his _Reminiscences_, 224; his death at Montreal, 1885, 224. =Sy= Publisher of _Examiner_, advocate of responsible government, 107; supports union of provinces as leading thereto, 212; his att.i.tude on Clergy Reserves question, 247; supports useful legislation introduced by Sydenham, 296; finds Lower Canada Conservatives much more liberal than the "Liberals,"
297; disapproves Baldwin's action, 298; a man of more political wisdom than Baldwin, 299; supports Local Government Bill, 323; partially adopts, as finance minister of the Dominion, Sydenham's idea of bank of issue, 330; Sydenham's high opinion of his financial abilities, 333; made inspector-general by Sir Charles Bagot, 333. =B= On Metcalfe's policy, 18-49; opposed by George Brown--Brown's letters to, 48-49, 54-55; protests against att.i.tude of Derby government in England on Clergy Reserves, 59; his action in legislature, 59; and the University of Toronto Bill, 63; Brown acknowledges his services for responsible government, 67; warns George Brown that the logical conclusion of his course in Parliament was dissolution of the union, 70; his ministry defeated in June, 1854, 77; his retirement--supports MacNab-Morin government, 77; his argument against representation by population, 84; and the fight for responsible government, 261; his brief and troubled reign, 262. =BL= a.s.sociated with Baldwin, 32; born in Cork, Dec. 14, 1807--came to Canada, 1830, 32; early years, 32; his marriage, 34; manager of the Bank of the People, 34; friends.h.i.+p for Baldwin, 34; commercial interests, 34-35; on Head's appointment, 36; secretary of Const.i.tutional Reform Society, 42; took no part in Rebellion of 1837, 44; establishes the _Examiner_, 58; supports Durham, 58; meets La Fontaine and Morin in Lower Canada, 63; and enters into correspondence with them, 63; elected for Oxford, 69; his address to the electors, 69; his att.i.tude in the Legislature of 1841, 85; explains reasons for supporting Cavillier for speakers.h.i.+p--challenges government to a vote, 87; presses government for a statement of policy on question of responsible government, 91; supports Neilson's motion against Union Act, 96; his speech, 96-97; supports government's policy as to public works, 98-99; defends Munic.i.p.al Government Bill, 102-103; charged with desertion of his party, 102; repudiates charge, 103; explains his position in the _Examiner_, 104; votes for Munic.i.p.al Bill, 105; Bagot makes him inspector-general, 118-119; address to his const.i.tuents, 119-120; his appointment criticized, 120, 121, 130; moves postponement of debate, 131-132; remains in office in La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 133, 134; Const.i.tutional Society of Orillia recommends his dismissal, 167; on La Fontaine, 170; takes charge of fiscal and commercial legislation in the a.s.sembly, 178-179; contemporary account of him, 178-180; Gowan predicts his dismissal, 187; burnt in effigy at Toronto, 187; his measure for protection of agriculture against compet.i.tion of United States, 189; supports Baldwin, 214; severs his connection with _Examiner_, 1842--returns to newspaper work--edits _Times_, Montreal--establishes _Pilot_, 217-218; challenged to duel, 218; his letters to London _Morning Chronicle_, 218, 219, 220; exposes Wakefield's fallacies, 219-220; referred to by George Brown, 224; on Metcalfe, 230; in political controversy, 1844, 238; beaten in Oxford, 253; remains out of Parliament until 1848, 253; protests against election of his opponent, 253; on "double majority," 259; Draper's plan discussed, 261, 262; on Elgin, 275-276; elected for Oxford during his absence in Ireland, 279; inspector-general, 1848, 284; charged with commercial and economic measures in the Legislature, 301; his transportation policy, 301-302; advocates reciprocity, 302; Customs Act, 302; defends Rebellion Losses Bill, 317-318; requests Elgin to a.s.sent to Tariff Bill, 321; his house attacked by mob, 324; his letter to the _Times_, 327-330; strengthens Canada's credit in London market, 331; his letters to _Daily Mail_, 332; reconstructs the Reform government, 335; on the Reform party, 336; his letters and views on the Clergy Reserves, 347-348; his later career in Canada, Barbados, and Guiana, 358-359; his death, Aug. 18, 1885, 359; his _Reminiscences_, 359. =H= Confers with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia representatives on Intercolonial Railway, 142; goes to England to consult Imperial government, 142; quarrels with Sir John Packington, 143; arranges for construction of Grand Trunk Railway, 143; represents British North America at railway celebration, Boston, 1851, 250. =R= Forms opposition party with Baldwin, La Fontaine, and others, 122; his University Bill, 159-161; his opinion of the Roman Catholic School Bill, 222; and separate schools, 224. =C= Urges Cartier to enter Cabinet, 22. =Mc= On Welland ca.n.a.l, 265; befriends Mackenzie, 481; publishes _Examiner_, 483; his _Reminiscences,_ 483; his estimate of Mackenzie, 484; becomes prime minister, 487. =Md= Forms ministry with Morin, 1851, 47; finance minister--succeeds Rose, 136; his political att.i.tude, 136; defeated in election, 1872, 197; serves on Ontario Boundary Commission, 255. =T= Goes to England on Intercolonial mission, 26, 54; becomes minister of finance, 1869, 130; resigns, 133. =Bib.=: Works: _Canada and its Financial Resources_; _Political History of Canada_; _Reminiscences of his Public Life_. For biog., _see_ Davin, _The Irishman in Canada_; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.
=Hind, Henry Youle.= Born in Nottingham, England, 1823. Travelled in Mexico, 1846. Came to Canada, 1847, and appointed lecturer in chemistry and natural philosophy at the Toronto Normal School, Toronto. Five years later became professor of chemistry and geology in Trinity College.
Geologist to the Red River exploring expedition, 1857; and had charge of the expedition of 1858 to explore the country between Red River and the Saskatchewan. In 1860 carried out an exploration of a portion of Labrador peninsula. In 1854 resigned his chair at Trinity, and undertook a preliminary geological survey of New Brunswick; and in subsequent years carried out similar work for the government of Nova Scotia. In 1876 engaged by the Newfoundland government to report on northern cod banks, but abandoned this work to a.s.sist the Canadian government in preparing their case for the Halifax Fisheries Commission. =Index=: =R= On staff of Toronto Normal School, 174. =Bib.=: Works: _Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857, and the a.s.siniboine and Saskatchewan Expedition of 1858_; _Sketch of the Overland Route to British Columbia_; _Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula_; _Eighty Years' Progress of British North America_ (by Hind and others). For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._ and _Can. Men_; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._
=Hochelaga.= An Iroquoian town situated, in 1535, on Montreal Island.
The site is now covered by the city of Montreal. Cartier visited the town in the year mentioned, and describes it as encircled by a triple row of palisades, with galleries for the defenders. Within stood some fifty large oblong lodges, each housing several families. In 1603, when Champlain visited the place, nothing remained of the town, and Indians of a different stock occupied the island. =Bib.=: Cartier, _Bref recit_, etc.; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Fiske, _New France and New England_.
=Hocquart, Gilles.= Intendant of New France. Son of Jean-Hyacinthe Hocquart, chevalier, and seigneur d'Essenlis et de Muscourt. Held for a time the office of commissary of marine, and in 1729 obtained from the king a commission as commissary-general of New France. Arrived at Quebec in 1729; and in 1731 succeeded Dupuy as intendant. After nearly twenty years of service in New France, during which he devoted his energies unselfishly to the welfare of the colony, returned to France in 1748, and for some years filled the office of intendant at Brest. Appointed a councillor of state, 1753. =Index=: =WM= Receives Montcalm at Brest, 2.
=Bib.=: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle France_ (R. S. C., 1903); Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_.