Chapter 59
=Patriotes.= =P= Name a.s.sumed by popular party in Lower Canada--particularly the followers of Papineau, 40, 68; Neilson checks the more violent among them, 46; vacillation of Quebec wing of party, 68; their press publish violent articles, 86; prepare Ninety-Two Resolutions, 85-97; Gugy belittles their cause, 103; influenced by American Revolution, 121; advocate smuggling, 122; boycott English goods, 122; the St. Charles meeting, 125; under Nelson and Brown at St.
Denis and St. Charles, 128; they kill Lieutenant Weir, 134; crushed at St. Eustache, 137; in the Montreal election, 1834, 144. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.
=Patriotic Fund.= =Bk= Raised in Canada during war with Napoleon, 46.
=Patterson, James Colebrooke= (1839-). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada, 1857; entered civil service at Ottawa; studied law and called to the Ontario bar, 1876. Represented North Ess.e.x in the Ontario a.s.sembly, 1874-1878; and the county of Ess.e.x in the House of Commons, 1882-1891.
Defeated at the general election of 1891, but elected for West Huron, 1892. Secretory of State, 1892; minister of militia, 1892-1895; lieutenant-governor of Manitoba, 1895-1900. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Patterson, Walter.= Born in Ireland. Entered the army; came to Prince Edward Island in 1770 as first governor of the colony. It was then known as the Island of St. John. Patterson, who was one the largest landed proprietors in the Island, had an Act pa.s.sed by the a.s.sembly in 1780 changing the name to New Ireland, but the Act was disallowed by the Imperial government. The present name was given in 1798, in honor of the Duke of Kent. Patterson was recalled in 1787. =Index=: =Dr= Governor of Prince Edward Island, objects to make way for his successor, Fanning, 235. =Bib.=: Davin, _The Irishman in Canada_.
=Paul I= (1754-1801). Czar of Russia, son of Peter III and Catherine II.
Ascended the throne, 1796. =Index=: =Bk= Withdraws from British alliance, 23; murder of, 30.
=Paul V, Pope= (1552-1621). Camillo Borghese: elected pope, 1605.
=Index=: =Ch= Grants brief to Recollets for their mission in Canada, 84.
=Payne, Captain.= =Dr= His connection with the Walker case, 19.
=Peace River.= A tributary of the Mackenzie; rises in Thutage Lake, in northern British Columbia, its total length being 1065 miles. It is first mentioned in the _Voyages_ of Alexander Mackenzie. Mackenzie ascended the river, in 1792, on his way to the Pacific. He says that it took its name from a place on its banks known as Peace Point, where the Crees and Beaver Indians settled their disputes. Alexander Henry learned of the river, under the same name, in 1776, from a party of Chipewyans whom he met at ile a la Crosse Lake. =Index=: =MS= Post built on, by Boyer, 1788, 19, 61; its outlet, 33, 34; described, 34; Mackenzie on, 34, 62; sends party to build post on, 61; Boyer's post known as "Old Establishment," 61; fertility of the region, 61; the falls, 62; Mackenzie winters there, 64-66; beautiful scenery, 69; Mackenzie's description of, 69, 71. =D= Mackenzie ascends, 54; visited by Thompson, 58; ascended by Simon Fraser, 59. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=Peace River Pa.s.s.= The gorge cut by the Peace River through the Rocky Mountains. The summit of the pa.s.s is 2000 feet above the sea. First traversed and described by Alexander Mackenzie, 1793. Simon Fraser followed in 1805, to build several trading-posts in New Caledonia, and explore the river that bears his name.
=Pean, Mdme. Hugues, nee Davennes des Meloises.= =WM= Casemate made for, 87.
=Pearson, Lieutenant-Colonel.= =Bk= Captured at sea by United States privateer, 224.
=Peel, Sir Robert= (1788-1850). Born in Lancaster, England. Educated at Harrow, and Christ Church, Oxford. Entered Parliament, 1809; under-secretary for war and the colonies, 1811-1812; chief secretary for Ireland, 1812-1818; and home secretary, 1822; premier in 1834, but resigned the following year; again premier, 1841-1846. =Index=: =E= Supports Rebellion Losses Bill, 78. =B= His government misunderstands situation in Canada, 14, 15; his distrust of French-Canadians, 16; disapproves of Bagot's policy, 16-17; reasons for selection of Metcalfe, 18; justifies Metcalfe's action in withholding responsible government, 23. =Sy= Resigns from Cabinet, 16; returns to office as home secretary, 16; a.s.sists Duke of Wellington to form a government, 46; brief tenure of office, 56; anxious for due representation of commercial interest in Canada, 285; desires to give representation to Chambers of Commerce, 286; his moderation as leader of the opposition, 350.
Nat. Biog._
=Pellegrin.= =WM= Pilot of Montcalm's squadron, 81.
=Pelletier, Captain.= =WM= Takes soundings in the Traverse, 82.
=Pelletier, Sir Charles Alphonse Pantaleon= (1837-). Born at Riviere Ouelle, Quebec. Educated at Laval University; studied law, and called to the bar, of Lower Canada, 1860. Represented Kamouraska in House of Commons, 1869-1877. Appointed minister of agriculture in Mackenzie ministry, 1877. President of the Canadian Commission at the Paris exhibition, 1878. Called to the Senate, 1877; Speaker, 1896-1901.
Appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1908. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and its organ _Le National_, 30. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Pelly River.= Rises in the Pelly Mountains about lat. 62, and flows into the Yukon after a course of 330 miles. Discovered and explored by Robert Campbell between the years 1840-1848. Campbell reached the upper waters of the Pelly, by way of the Liard, in 1840; built Fort Pelly Banks, 1842; and descended the river to the junction of the Pelly and Lewes in 1843. He built Fort Selkirk at the forks in 1848. The river was named after Sir H. Pelly, the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.
=Index=: =D= Explored by Robert Campbell, 124. =Bib.=: Campbell, _Discovery and Exploration of the Youcon_; Dawson, _Report on the Yukon_ (_Geol. Survey_, 1887-1888); Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=Pennahouel.= =WM= Ancient Indian warrior, 38, 41, 42.
=Pennsylvania.= =Hd= Independent temper of the colony, 11.
=Pennsylvania Loyalists.= =Dr= Commanded by Allen, 202.
=Penny, Edward Goff= (1820-1881). Born in England. In 1844 came to Canada, studied law, and in 1850 called to the bar of Lower Canada.
Became editor-in-chief of the Montreal _Herald_ and afterwards one of the proprietors. In 1869 published a pamphlet giving his views in opposition to Confederation. In 1874 appointed to the Senate. =Index=: =E= Signs Annexation Manifesto, 81.
=Pensacola.= =Hd= Bouquet at, 58, 63; Haldimand's headquarters in Florida, 63, 65, 70; his labours to improve, 67, 68; watch kept on Spaniards from, 77; troops transferred from, to St. Augustine, 78; Haldimand again in charge at, 79, 80; barracks built at, 81, 90; Haldimand's house at, 104, 316.
=Pentagouet.= =F= Fortress on western boundary of Acadia, captured by freebooters, 269; captured by New Englanders, 275.
=Perceval, Spencer= (1762-1812). =Bk= British prime minister, a.s.sa.s.sinated, 192. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Perche= (=France=). =L= Many colonists natives of, 116.
=Perez, Juan.= Voyage of, in 1774, 13, 14.
=Pericard, Mich.e.l.le de.= =L= Mother of Laval, 17; death of, 26.
=Pericard, Mgr. de, Bishop of Evreux.= =L= Cousin of Bishop Laval, 21.
=Perley, Moses Henry= (1804-1863). Born in Maugerville, New Brunswick.
Educated at St. John. In 1828 became an attorney; called to the bar of New Brunswick, 1830, but soon forsook his profession. For some years engaged in milling and lumbering, and, having mixed much with the Micmac and Melicete Indians, appointed commissioner of Indian affairs and immigration officer. In 1841 and succeeding years spent much time visiting the Indian tribes and investigating their grievances. Also active in advertising the resources of the province, and in 1846 asked to report on the capabilities of the country. A line of railway being projected, sent to England in 1847 to report on the matter. Returning to New Brunswick, pursued his investigations into the fisheries of the province. In 1849 commissioned to report on the fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; in 1850 those of the sea and rivers of New Brunswick; and in 1851 those of the Bay of Fundy. In 1852-1853 compiled the trade statistics which were used in the negotiations for the Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and the United States. In 1854 the treaty was signed, and he was appointed a commissioner to carry out the terms arranged. =Index=: =H= Fishery commissioner on behalf of Great Britain, 170; his death in Newfoundland, 1863, 170. =Bib.=: _Sea and River Fisheries of New Brunswick_. For biog., _see_ Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.
=Perrault, Joseph Francois= (1753-1844). Born in Quebec, the son of a rich merchant trading with New England and the West Indies. Given the appointment of prothonotary in Quebec, and held it throughout his life.
Took a deep interest in educational matters; founded a number of schools on the Lancaster system; and is regarded in Quebec as the father of the provincial school system. Also did much, both by his writings and by furthering the establishment of model farms, to place agriculture upon a better and more scientific basis. =Bib.=: _Biographie de Joseph Francois Perrault ecrite par Lui-Meme, a l'Age de Quatre-Vingt Ans, sans Lunettes_; Casgrain, _Vie de Joseph Francois Perrault_; Bender, _Old and New Canada_. For list of his writings, _see_ Casgrain's work mentioned above.
=Perrault, Father Julien.= =Ch= Jesuit, carries on mission at Cape Breton, 236, 237.
=Perrot.= =F= Cure of Montreal, disapproves of Abbe Fenelon's sermon, 95.
=Perrot, Francois-Marie.= Sent to Canada as governor of Montreal, 1670.
Obtained a grant of Isle Perrot in 1672. Used his office to further his own interests; quarrelled violently with Frontenac, who had him arrested and sent to France. Imprisoned for a short time in the Bastile, released, and restored to his governors.h.i.+p, which he held until 1684.
Governor of Acadia, 1684-1687. =Index=: =F= Succeeds Maisonneuve as governor of Montreal, 54; engages in illicit trading and s.h.i.+elds _coureurs de bois_, 90; arrests Bizard, an officer of Frontenac's, 91; summoned before Sovereign Council, 92; arrested at Quebec, 93; character and conduct of, 96-97; protests competency of Sovereign Council to try him, 99; specially commended to Frontenac in a despatch from minister, 101; sent to France, 102; allowed to return to Canada, after brief imprisonment, 103; removed to government of Acadia, 270; continues to trade, 271; dismissal, and death, 272. =L= Governor of Montreal, lays foundation stone of church, 89; comes into contact with Frontenac, 160; punished by the king, 164. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Perrot, Nicolas= (1620-1697). Born in France. Came to Canada, and entered the service of the government at Quebec. Went on several exploring expeditions, living among the Indian tribes, and mastering the Algonquian language. In 1665 returned to Quebec; and accompanied as interpreter Daumont de St. Lusson to the Falls of St. Mary. In 1684 induced a number of the western tribes to join Lefebvre de la Barre in his campaign against the Iroquois. In 1687 his influence with the Indians proved of great service to the Marquis de Denonville, and later to Vaudreuil. Among his other notable achievements was the discovery of the lead mines on the Des Moines River, Iowa. Left ma.n.u.scripts describing his sojourn among the different Indian tribes, and their manners and customs. =Index=: =F= Ordered to rendezvous at Niagara with Indians, 181, 186, 187; arrives with contingent, 210; accompanies Louvigny to Michilimackinac, 242; exhibits Iroquois scalps, 243. =L= Sent by Talon to visit northern and western tribes, 82. =Bib.=: _Memoire sur les Moeurs, Coustumes et Religion des Sauvages de l'Amerique Septentrionale_. For biog., _see_ Stickney, _Nicolas Perrot_; Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Perry, Peter.= Born at Ernestown, Upper Canada. Followed his father's occupation as farmer; entered public life, 1824, as member for Lennox and Addington in the Upper Canada a.s.sembly, and became a leader of the Reform party; defeated, 1836; again elected in 1849, for the east riding of York, succeeding William Hume Blake. =Index=: =R= Leading member of Upper Canada a.s.sembly, on popular side, 66. =B= Leader of the Clear Grits, 39. =E= One of the leaders of Clear Grits, 110; founder of Liberal party in Upper Canada before the Union, 110. =BL= Fights for reform, 13; Baldwin's letter to, 39-40. =Mc= Expenditure of 50,000 road money, 303; defeated for the House, 308. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.
=Peters.= =W= Attorney-general, New Brunswick, 50.
=Peters, Harry.= =W= Retires from New Brunswick Council, 69. =T= Speaker of House of a.s.sembly, 6.
=Peters, Samuel Leonard.= =T= Uncle of Sir Leonard Tilley, 5.
=Peters, Susan Ann.= =T= Mother of Sir Leonard Tilley, 5.
=Peters, T. H.= =W= Appointed to New Brunswick Council, 69.
=Peters, William.= =W= Grandfather of Sir L. Tilley, 3. =T= Member of a.s.sembly, 4.
=Pet.i.t, Father.= =L= Companion of Father Marquette, 62.
=Pet.i.tot, emile Fortune Stanislas Joseph.= Roman Catholic missionary in the North-West, particularly in the Mackenzie River district. Author of several works on the languages, manners, and customs of the native tribes. =Bib.=: _Traditions Indiennes du Canada Nord-Ouest_; _On the Athabaska District of the Canadian North-West_ in _Canadian Record of Science_, 1884; _Essai sur une Legende Americaine_ (Societe Philologique, _Actes_, Alencon, 1883).
=Peto.= =T= His proposal to build railways in New Brunswick, 25, 27.
=Peuvret, de Mesnu.= =L= Clerk of Sovereign Council, 158, 167. =F= Clerk of the Council, imprisoned by Frontenac, 135.