Chapter 10
=Brule, etienne.= A famous _coureur de bois_ who accompanied Champlain on his exploration of the Ottawa, in 1615, and subsequently made extensive explorations in the country of the Hurons and the Iroquois (1615-1618). Treacherously murdered near the present town of Penetanguishene by a party of Hurons in 1632. =Index=: =Ch= Interpreter, accompanies Champlain to Quebec, 41; accompanies Champlain to the Ottawa River, 88; at Cap de la Victoire, 139; learns Huron language, 144; sent on mission to Three Rivers, 163; sides with the Kirkes, 194; conduct in the Huron country, 202; his death, 203, 246. =Bib.=: Champlain, _Voyages_; Sagard, _Voyage du Pays des Hurons_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; b.u.t.terfield, _History of Brule's Discoveries and Explorations_; Sulte, _etienne Brule_ (R. S. C., 1907).
=Brulon, Jean Gauthier de.= =L= Canon and confessor of chapter of Quebec, 197.
=Bruyeres, Lieutenant-Colonel R. E.= =Bk= Reports on condition of forts in Upper Canada, 157.
=Bryce, George= (1844-). Born at Mount Pleasant near Brantford, Ontario. Educated at Toronto University and Knox College. Took part in the skirmish at Ridgeway during the Fenian Raids. In 1871 removed to Manitoba and organized Manitoba College. Professor of English literature in Manitoba College, 1871-1909; and head of the faculty of science and lecturer in biology in Manitoba University, 1891-1904. Moderator of the General a.s.sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, 1902-1903.
President of the Royal Society of Canada, 1909-1910. =Index=: =Md= On causes of Riel Rebellion, 158. =Bib.=: Works: _Manitoba_; _Short History of the Canadian People_; _Apostle of Red River_; _Hudson's Bay Company_; _Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men._; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Bryce, James= (1838-). Born in Belfast. Educated at the universities of Glasgow and Cambridge. Entered Parliament in 1880. In 1886 under-secretary of state for foreign affairs; in 1892 chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1894 president of the board of trade. Chief secretary for Ireland, 1905-1906, and in 1907 appointed British amba.s.sador at Was.h.i.+ngton. =Index=: =E= On the disadvantages of congressional government, 255-257. =Bib.=: Works: _Holy Roman Empire_; _American Commonwealth_. For biog., _see_ _Who's Who_, 1910.
=Brymner, Douglas= (1823-1902). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada, 1857.
For some time editor of the _Presbyterian_, and a.s.sociate editor of the Montreal _Daily Herald_. In 1872 appointed Dominion Archivist, and held the position up to the time of his death, laying the foundations of the present splendid collection of ma.n.u.script material bearing on the history of Canada. =Index=: =Hd= His services as Dominion Archivist, 319; his opinion of Haldimand, 320; his translation of Haldimand's diary, 321. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._
=Buade, Antoine de.= =F= Grandfather of Frontenac, 61.
=Buade, Henri de.= =F= Father of Frontenac, 61.
=Buade, Louis de.= _See_ Frontenac.
=Buchanan, Isaac= (1810-1883). Born in Scotland. In 1833 emigrated to Canada and entered into business life. Strongly opposed the Rebellion of 1837. Elected for York to the first Parliament of Canada. In 1864 appointed president of the Council in the Tache-Macdonald ministry, retiring the same year. From 1878 to 1883 a Dominion arbitrator.
=Index=: =H= Joseph Howe's letter to, 1866, 190. =BL= On responsible government, 90; in political controversy, 1844, 238; his "Five Letters against the Baldwin Faction," 239-240. =B= Retires from government with Foley and Simpson, to make room for George Brown, Mowat, and Macdougall, 159. =Mc= Urges Mackenzie's amnesty, 474; generosity of, 504. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Buchanan, James= (1791-1868). Fifteenth President of the United States.
=Index=: =E= His tribute to Lord Elgin, 123-124. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.
Biog._
=Buckingham, Richard Plantagenet Grenville, third Duke of= (1823-1889).
Born in England. Entered Parliament, 1846; lord of the treasury, 1852; and privy councillor, 1866; president of the Council, 1866-1867, and colonial secretary, 1867-1868. Governor of Madras, 1875-1880. =Index=: =Md= Referred to by Sir John A. Macdonald in connection with Confederation negotiations, 128-129. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Bude, General de.= =Hd= Haldimand's letters to, 116, 117, 119, 191, 222;
=Bulkeley, Richard.= Came to Nova Scotia with Governor Cornwallis, 1749.
Appointed secretary of the province, 1759, and continued to hold office under thirteen successive governors, until 1793. Member of the Council of Nova Scotia, 1759. Administrator of Nova Scotia, 1791; judge of the Admiralty Court; brigadier-general of militia. Died, 1800. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Buller, Charles= (1806-1848). Born in Calcutta. Entered Parliament in 1830; and called to the bar, 1831. In 1838 secretary to Lord Durham and accompanied him on his momentous mission to Canada. In 1846 judge advocate-general, and in 1847 chief poor law commissioner. =Index=: =BL= His connection with Durham's Report, 235; on colonial self-government, 235. =Sy= Lord Durham's chief secretary, 98; object of great dislike to Upper Canada Tories, 98; his speech in House of Commons on union resolutions, 122; advocates responsible government for Canada, 123. =Mc= Credited with authors.h.i.+p of Lord Durham's Report, 82, 83. =Bib.=: _Dict.
Nat. Biog._; Strachey, _Charles Buller_: Bradshaw, _Self-Government in Canada_.
=Bullion.= =Ch= Negotiates restoration of Quebec, 220.
=Bullion, Mme. de.= =F= Benefactress of Hotel Dieu at Montreal, 29.
=Bulyea, George Headley Vickers.= Born in Gagetown, New Brunswick.
Educated at University of New Brunswick. For a time princ.i.p.al of the Sunbury County Grammar School. Removed to Qu'Appelle, North-West Territories, 1883. Elected to the North-West Council, 1894; special representative to the Yukon, 1896; commissioner of agriculture and public works in the Territorial government; appointed first lieutenant-governor of Alberta, 1905. =Bib.=: _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Bunker Hill.= =Hd= Battle of, 108.
=Burel, Brother Gilbert.= =Ch= Jesuit, 152; returns to France, 208.
=Burgoyne, John= (1723-1792). Born in England. Educated at Westminster, and entered the army in 1740. In 1775 served in New England; second in command, 1776, and lieutenant-general, 1777. In the latter year succeeded General Carleton as commander-in-chief of the forces in Canada. After several successful engagements with the Americans, defeated at Saratoga in October, 1777. In 1782 commander-in-chief in Ireland. =Index=: =Dr= Arrives with reinforcements, 144; marches up Richelieu, 146; returns to England, 163; returns to Canada, haying been promoted over head of Carleton, 171; his personal charm, 174; his previous career, 175, 176; occupies Ticonderoga, 178; injudicious speech of, 178; his surrender at Saratoga, 180; his defence of himself, 182.
=Hd= A court favourite, supersedes Carleton, 112; his disastrous campaign, 113, 126; Hamilton's expedition compared to his, 168. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Burk, Rev. J.= =S= Censured by Simcoe, 190.
=Burke, Edmund= (1729-1797). Born in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; and entered Parliament in 1765. In 1771 agent for New York province; and in 1774-1775 strongly opposed war with America. In 1782 paymaster of the forces. One of the leaders in the impeachment of Warren Hastings, 1788-1795. =Index=: =Dr= Wants more information on Quebec Act, 67; discusses Const.i.tutional Act in House of Commons, 265.
=S= Supports division of province, 7; his quarrel with Fox, 8, 9.
=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Burlamache.= =Ch= Commissioner in dispute between Kirke and De Caen, 217, 218; sent to France in connection with restoration of French possessions, 220. =Bib.=: Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.
=Burlington Bay Ca.n.a.l.= An open cut across a sand-bar at the entrance of Burlington Bay, designed to enable vessels to reach the city of Hamilton from the lake. It was authorized by the Legislature, 1823, and completed, 1832. Enlarged, 1841. =Index=: =BL= Provision made for by government in 1841, 98.
=Burns.= =S= Presbyterian minister, establishes school at Niagara, 167.
=Burns, Edward.= =S= Clerk of Crown and Pleas, 178.
=Burns, Robert Easton= (1805-1863). Born in Niagara. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1827. Practised at Niagara, St. Catharines, and Hamilton. Appointed judge of the Niagara District, 1836; judge of the Home District, 1844; judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1850. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_.
=Burpee, Isaac= (1825-1885). Born at Sheffield, New Brunswick.
Represented city of St. John in Dominion Parliament, 1872-1885; minister of customs, 1873-1878. Died in New York. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._
=Burr, Aaron= (1756-1836). Born in New Jersey. In 1775 served in the Revolutionary army, and accompanied Arnold on his expedition to Quebec.
In 1791 elected to the Senate, and in 1801 vice-president of the United States. In 1804 killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. =Index=: =Dr= Aide-de-camp to Montgomery, 122. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Jenkinson, _Aaron Burr_; Todd, _The True Aaron Burr_.
=Burton, Sir Francis.= =P= Lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada--meets views of a.s.sembly as to the budget, 60; his action repudiated by Dalhousie, 61; acting governor during absence of Dalhousie in 1825, 70.
=Burton, Ralph.= Served in the siege of Quebec. On July 29, 1759, in command of thirteen companies of Grenadiers, and on September 2 wounded at the battle of Montmorency. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec after the capture of the city. =Index=: =WM= Of the 48th, in action at Montmorency, 142; holds troops in readiness on south sh.o.r.e opposite Wolfe's Cove, 172, 183; commands reserve in battle of Plains, 189; Wolfe's last orders to, 200; in battle of Ste. Foy, 258. =Hd= Governor of Three Rivers, 41; ordered to West Indies, 42; leaves his family in charge of Haldimand, 51; returns to Three Rivers, 53; replaces Gage at Montreal, 53. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_.
=Buteux, Jacques= (1600-1652). Born in France. In 1634 sent as a missionary to Canada, and arrived at the new settlement of Three Rivers in September. Worked among the Indians there for several years. Superior of the missions from 1639 to 1642, and from 1647 to 1652. =Index=: =Ch= Stationed at Three Rivers, 256. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_.
=Butler, John.= Born in Connecticut. In 1759 served under Sir William Johnson in the Niagara campaign, and in 1760 in the Montreal expedition.
During the Revolution served on the British side in New York and in Canada. Appointed superintendent of Indian affairs. Died in Niagara, 1794. =Index=: =Hd= Of Rangers, lays waste Wyoming district, 151; value of his services, 154; acts for Guy Johnson, 155; conduct of Indians commanded by, disapproved, 170; cruelties practised upon his Rangers, 172; disbands Rangers and takes up land on Niagara frontier, 256; entertained by Haldimand, 327. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=b.u.t.terfield, Major.= =Dr= Surrenders post at Cedars to British force, 142.
=b.u.t.tes-a-Neveu.= =WM= Name given to rising ground extending to city walls, Quebec, 186, 256.
=By, John= (1781-1836). Born in England. Entered the army in 1799. In 1802 came to Canada; returned to England in 1811; and served in the Peninsular War. In 1826 again came to Canada, and engaged on important military and engineering works until 1832. Constructed the Rideau Ca.n.a.l from Bytown (Ottawa) to Kingston, the first steamer pa.s.sing through in the spring of 1832. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Women's Can. Hist. Soc. of Ottawa, _Trans._, vol. 1.
=Byng, John= (1704-1757). Born in England. Entered the navy in 1718. In 1727-1736 stationed at Mahon, Minorca; and in 1747-1748 commanded in the Mediterranean. In 1756 engaged the French at Minorca and after an indecisive battle retreated to Gibraltar, leaving Minorca to its fate.
Recalled to England, court-martialled, and shot on March 14, 1757.
=Index=: =WM= His reserve at Minorca, 33. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Bytown.= Former name of the city of Ottawa. =Index=: =Md= Chosen by the queen as capital, 85; suggestion came from Sir Edmund Head, 85; opposition to decision in Parliament, 85. =BL= An all-water route between Montreal and Kingston, 75; favoured by some persons as capital, 1843, 181. =E= Water communication established with Montreal, 98. _See also_ Ottawa. =Bib.=: Women's Can. Hist. Soc. of Ottawa, _Trans._, vols.
1 and 3.
=Cabir-Coubat.= =Ch= Indian name of St. Charles River, 148.