Chapter 21
=Desertions.= =S= Very prevalent, 72; punishments for, 72; causes of, 73. =WM= From ranks of Canadian militia frequent, 152. =Bk= Followed by capture, 60; three shot, 63; two shot, 134; from United States regiments of the line to the Canadian side, 281.
=Des Groseilliers.= _See_ Chouart.
=Des Marets, Claude G.o.det, Sieur de.= =Ch= Son-in-law of Pont-Grave, arrives at Quebec, 47; accompanies Champlain in expedition against Iroquois, 52; at Cap de la Victoire, 139.
=De Soyres, Rev. John.= =T= Conducts funeral service of Sir Leonard Tilley, 146.
=Desportes, Pierre.= =Ch= An early settler in Quebec, 145, 146; goes to Gaspe, 181; remains in Quebec during English occupation, 196, 208.
=Desquerat, Captain.= =F= Killed at Laprairie, 313.
=Des Rivieres, Captain.= =WM= Accompanies captured British officers to Quebec, 90.
=Dessaules, Louis A.= Born 1819. Member of Legislative Council, 1856-1863. Edited _Le Pays_ at Montreal. =Index=: =E= Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= One of Liberal leaders in Quebec, 25; protests against Dorion entering Cartier's ministry, 106-107. =Bib.=: Works: _Rouge et Noir_; _Lectures sur l'Annexion du Canada aux etats-Unis_; _Galilee, Ses Travaux Scientifiques et sa Cond.a.m.nation_; _La Guerre Americaine_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Bib. Can._
=Destouches.= =Ch= Clerk, appointed by Champlain as his second lieutenant, 155; returns to France, 209.
=Detroit.= Founded by Antoine de la Motte Cadillac (_q.v._) in 1701. The fort remained under Cadillac's command until 1710. A census taken that year shows six settlers cultivating the land, and twenty-nine soldiers, traders, etc., occupying houses within the fort. De la Forest succeeded Cadillac at the fort, 1710. Fort surrendered to the British, 1760.
Pontiac laid siege to the fort, 1763, but failed to capture it.
Transferred to United States, 1796. Captured by Brock, in War of 1812; restored by treaty of Ghent. =Index=: =S= The most important of western fortified posts, 51; Great Britain retains possession of, pending settlement of certain questions, 55, 119; threatened by army under Wayne, 133; handed over to United States, 142; River aux Raisins the boundary of territory dependent on, during British occupation, 145. =Dr= Defence of by Major Gladwin, 5; retained with other western posts as security for proper treatment of loyalists, 231; handed over to United States, 291. =Bk= Founded by La Motte Cadillac, its exciting history, 54; Brock determines to attack, 248; its strength and garrison, 249, 250; attacked, 251, 254; Hull surrenders with his whole army, 255; important results of capture, 256. =MS= Under French regime, 11; in days of North West Company, 12. =Hd= Company of 8th Regiment sent to, 137; a source of anxiety, 145; De Peyster in command at, 146, 158; reinforcements sent to, 153; Jehu Hay, lieutenant-governor of, in 1784, 158; doubtful subjects settle round, 161; difficulty of navigation to, 163; Haldimand's letter to Henry Hamilton, lieutenant-governor at, on means for recovery of Illinois country, 167; unfortunate expedition from, 168; Haldimand's letter to De Peyster on importance of, 260; boat built at by North West Company, 262; Major Mathews, lieutenant-governor at, in 1787, 332. =Bib.=: _Cadillac Papers_ (Mich. Pion. & Hist.
_Coll._, vol. 33 _et seq._); Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.
=Detroit.= Brig. _See_ Adams.
=Devil's Hole.= =Bk= Near Fort Niagara, ma.s.sacre of British troops at, 55.
=Devos, Frederick.= =Hd= Great-nephew of Haldimand, 312.
=Dewart, Edward Hartley= (1828-1903). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada with his parents at age of six. Educated at local schools and at the Toronto Normal School. Taught school for a time; entered the ministry of the Methodist Church, 1851; editor of _The Christian Guardian_, 1869-1894. =Bib.=: Works: _Selections from Canadian Poets_; _Songs of Life: A Collection of Poems_; _Essays for the Times_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Dewdney, Edgar= (1835-). Born in Devons.h.i.+re, England. Came to British Columbia, 1859. Had charge of survey of site of New Westminster, and other engineering works. First elected to provincial Legislature, 1869; returned to Dominion House, 1872. Appointed Indian commissioner for North-West Territories, 1879; and lieutenant-governor of North-West Territories, 1881. Member of Dominion Cabinet as minister of interior, 1888-1892. Appointed lieutenant-governor of British Columbia, 1892.
=Index=: =D= Builds Dewdney trail, from Hope to Similkameen, 252-253.
=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=d.i.c.key, Robert Barry= (1811-1903). Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia.
Studied law, and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, and of New Brunswick, 1834. Sat in Legislative Council, Nova Scotia, 1858-1867. Appointed to the Senate, 1867. Took an active part in the negotiations leading up to the building of the Intercolonial Railway, and the Confederation of the provinces. =Index=: =H= Delegate from Nova Scotia to Charlottetown Conference, 177. =T= Delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 73; and to Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=d.i.c.kson, Walter Hamilton= (1806-1884). Born in Niagara. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1830. Served during the Rebellion of 1837 as a cavalry officer. Represented Niagara in the a.s.sembly, 1841-1851; sat in the Legislative Council of Canada, 1855-1867; appointed to the Dominion Senate, 1867.
=Dieskau, Jean Armand, Baron de= (1701-1777). Of German descent; served with distinction under Marshal Saxe. When it was made known to the court at Versailles that the British had sent two regiments to America under Braddock, the French decided to fit out an expedition on a larger scale, and six regiments embarked for Canada under Dieskau, who was given the rank of general. Immediately after a.s.suming command, prepared to attack the British and marched at the head of a body of men against Johnson.
Although his plans appear to have been well laid, his position was betrayed through the action of the Indians. Severely wounded, made prisoner and well cared for by the British. Taken to England, ruined in health and fortune. Liberated at the conclusion of the war in 1763; and returned to France. =Index=: =WM= Defeated and taken prisoner at Lake George, 22. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _Fight with France_.
=Digby, Robert= (1732-1815). Commanded the _Dunkirk_ at Quiberon Bay, 1759; second in command in Rodney's expedition for relief of Gibraltar, 1779; commander-in-chief in North America, 1781. =Index=: =Dr= Appointed to chief naval command in America, 194. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Disney, Captain.= =Dr= Accused in connection with Walker affair, 36; tried and acquitted, 38.
=Dissenters.= =S= Preponderance of, in Upper Canada, 159, 160. _See also_ Presbyterian; Methodist.
=District Courts.= =Sy= Establishment of in Lower Canada, 255.
=Doak.= =W= Proprietor of _Loyalist_ newspaper, arrested and released, 75.
=Dobson.= =Bk= Brock's faithful servant, 11.
=Dodd, E. M.= =H= Solicitor-general and member of Executive and Legislative Councils, Nova Scotia--makes statement as to ministerial responsibility, 76; attempts to reconcile Joseph Howe and his colleagues to the
=Dollard des Ormeaux, Adam.= A young officer of the garrison at Montreal, who saved Montreal and the colony from probable destruction by the Iroquois, in 1660. With sixteen companions and a few Indian allies, he intercepted the Iroquois at the Long Sault Rapids, on the Ottawa, and with a heroism seldom equalled in the world's history, this little band gave their lives for their country's sake. The Iroquois, discouraged by such unexpected resistance, abandoned the projected raid on the colony.
=Index=: =L= His heroic resistance to Iroquois at the Long Sault, 39, 69-72. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; _Jesuit Relations_, 1660; Faillon, _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise_; Dollier de Ca.s.son, _Histoire de Montreal_. The exploit has inspired several Canadian poems. _See_ Martin, _Marguerite_; Frechette, _Legende d'un Peuple_.
=Dollebeau, Father.= =Ch= In charge of mission at Miscou, 235; death of, 235.
=Dollier de Ca.s.son, Francis= (1636-1701). Born in Ba.s.se Bretagne. Served with distinction as a cavalry officer under Turenne. Came to Montreal and joined the Sulpicians in 1666. In 1669-1670 carried out with Galinee an important exploration of the Great Lakes. Became superior of the Seminary of Montreal, and later vicar-general of the diocese. =Index=: =L= Labours with Galinee on the sh.o.r.es of Lake Erie, 11; gives account of Dollard's exploit, 75; lays foundation stone of Montreal church, 89; on evil effects of sale of liquor to the Indians, 175; at Quebec, 190.
=F= His history of Montreal, 34; depicts evils of liquor traffic, 335.
=Bib.=: _Histoire de Montreal_. For biog., _see_ Parkman, _Old Regime_; _Exploration of the Great Lakes by Dollier de Ca.s.son and de Brehant de Galinee_, ed. by Coyne.
=Dolu.= =Ch= Grand almoner of France, intendant, 129; his instructions to Champlain, 132. =Bib.=: Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.
=Domergue, Lieutenant.= =F= Killed at Laprairie, 313.
=Don de Dieu.= =Ch= Name of vessel in which Champlain sailed for Quebec in 1608, 39; also one of vessels of Company of New France, 245.
=Dongan, Thomas, Earl of Limerick= (1634-1715). Colonial governor of New York. Sent to America as governor, 1682. Resigned, 1688. Became Earl of Limerick, 1698. =Index=: =F= Governor of New York, correspondence with La Barre, 182; policy with Iroquois, 183; correspondence with Denonville, 199-200; claims right to trade with Lake tribes, 203; demands destruction of Fort Niagara, 218; advice to Indians, 219. =L= Governor of New York, stirs up Iroquois, 185, 191. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.
Biog._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Dorchester, Guy Carleton, first Baron= (1724-1808). =Dr= Birth and parentage, 29; enters army, 29; lieutenant-colonel, 30; Wolfe's friends.h.i.+p for, 30; military preceptor to Duke of Richmond, 30; Wolfe secures him for quartermaster of Quebec expedition, 31; entrusted with important tasks, 32; wounded at Battle of the Plains, 32; served under Albemarle at siege of Havana, 32; appointed to succeed Murray at Quebec, 32; finds divisions in the country, 33; has difficulty with his Council, 34; forwards pet.i.tion of Jesuits, 35; issues proclamation relinquis.h.i.+ng all fees, 35; his despatch on the subject, 36; has the Walker case on his hands, 37; dismisses Irving and Mabane from the Council, 39; his views in regard to English and French laws, 41, 43; on state of the colony, 44-47; antic.i.p.ates revolt of American colonies, 50; endeavours to check legal abuses, 51; orders release of small debtors, 52; issues new ordinance respecting administration of justice, 54, 55; opposed to creation of House of a.s.sembly, 55; his return to England, 57; becomes governor-general on Murray's resignation, 1768, 57; absent in England four years, 59; replaced by Cramahe, 59; his report on manufactures of Canada, 59; took important part in framing Quebec Act, 63; his evidence before House of Commons, 67; sails for Canada, 75; his marriage, 75; sends troops to Boston on requisition of General Gage, 78; receives news of Benedict Arnold's attack on St. John's, 83; forwards troops and proceeds to Montreal, 85; calls out militia, 86; returns to Quebec, 89; gives guinea to Canadian soldier, 89; hurries back to Montreal, 91; applies to Gage for two regiments, 92; his despatch explaining fall of St. John's and impossibility of defending Montreal, 103; reaches Quebec, 112; orders all to leave the city who would not help in its defence, 114; his courage and watchfulness, 124; his estimate of the killed in the attack on Quebec, 131; great source of strength to his followers, 133; moves out to attack enemy, who took to flight, 138; makes search in surrounding country for fugitives in distress, 139; makes arrangements to pursue the retreating American army, 144; meets Burgoyne at Quebec, 144-145; his operations successful, 147; Lord George Germain's enmity to, 149; plans to improve the defences of the country, 150-151; re-establishes the Courts of Quebec, 151; defeats the Americans in naval engagement on Lake Champlain, 153-157; refuses to attack Ticonderoga--his reasons, 157-158; retires with army in winter quarters, 159; superseded in charge of next year's campaign by General Burgoyne, 163; his authority limited to Canada, 163; his bitter replies to Germain's despatches, 164-166; indignant at transfer of command to Burgoyne, he resigns, 169; no friction between him and Burgoyne, 174; Burgoyne's testimony, 174; makes forced levy of militia to recruit Burgoyne's army, 178; his correspondence with Hamilton in the West, 179; his appointments to judges.h.i.+ps, 183; objects to appointment of Livius and Owen as judges, 184; his protests against improper appointments, 185; calls out one-third of militia, 187; const.i.tutes committee of Council, 187; his last despatch to Germain, 188; returns to England, 189; sent to America as commander-in-chief and commissioner, 193; arrives at New York, 195; instructed to make pacific representations to Congress, 200; applies for recall on hearing that complete independence is to be granted to the colonies, 203; his anxiety to protect the Loyalists, 206; appoints commissioners for exchange of prisoners, 207; the force under his command, 208; anxious to return home but urged to remain at New York, 212; writes to governor of Nova Scotia on behalf of the Loyalists, 214; his correspondence largely occupied with Loyalist affairs, 218; his last despatch from New York, 219; supports pet.i.tion of Loyalist widows for pensions, 219; created Baron Dorchester, and accepts governors.h.i.+p of Canada, 221; difficulties of his position, 221; his acquaintance with Haldimand, 222; Shelburne's opinion of value of his influence, 222; his reception at Quebec very cordial, 223; extent of his commission, 224; brings out William Smith as chief-justice, 224; his correspondence with Lord Sydney, 225; appoints committee to consider state of the law, 225, 227; also committees on commerce, police, and education, 226-230; negotiations with Silas Deane on subject of Chambly Ca.n.a.l, 230; anxiety in regard to Indian question in the west, 231; announces intention of visiting Nova Scotia, 235; recognizes necessity for a more popular form of government, 237; visits Loyalists in western Canada, 238; transfers Jesuit church at Montreal to Anglicans, 241; his efforts to increase efficiency of militia, 243, 246; receives propositions from Vermont and Kentucky looking to separation from other American states, 244-247; declines to allow French minister to United States to visit Canada, 248; receives draft of bill for better government of province, 248; thought introduction of parliamentary inst.i.tutions premature, 258, 259; sends home lists of proposed legislative councillors, 258; not pleased with Simcoe's appointment, 259; urges claims of Sir John Johnson, 259; sails for England, 269; returns to Canada, 271; opens second session of Lower Canada Legislature, 276; calls out militia, 277; fully expects war with United States, 282; his speech to the Miami Indians, 282; speech not approved by home government, 283; expresses desire to resign, 284; gets Alien Act pa.s.sed, 288; reports improved condition of affairs, 291; wages war on fees and perquisites, 291; surrenders his own fees, 292; opposes holding of appointments by absentees, 292; his relations with Simcoe, 293-296; a believer in centralized power, 294; not being sustained by home government, resigns, 297; points of difference with Simcoe, 302; meets his last Parliament, 303; returns to England, 303; receives addresses of regret, 303; his character, 304; his sympathy with French-Canadians, 305; saves Canada to the Empire, 306; wreck of the frigate in which he sailed, 306; lands at Perce, proceeds to Halifax, and sails from there to England, 306; his death, 307; his descendants, 307. =S= His connection with the Const.i.tutional Act, 2; not favourable to creation of separate province of Upper Canada, 3; goes to England, 5; orders names of Loyalists who declared themselves before treaty of 1783 to be registered, 70; does not support Simcoe's views in regard to Indian department, 127; controls military operations in Upper Canada, 131; his bold speech to deputation of Indians, 133, 146; recommends Simcoe to fortify post on the Miami, 134; proceedings not approved by home government, 142; his resignation, 142; disapproves of Simcoe's plans for defence of Upper Canada, 206; supersedes purchasing agent appointed by Simcoe, 212; his relations with Simcoe, 228. =WM= Chief of staff to Wolfe, 75; as governor of Canada, wins affection of Canadians, 75; establishes fortified camp on island of Orleans, 108; lands near Pointe-aux-Trembles and takes a number of prisoners, 125; wounded in battle of the Plains, 199. =Sy= His Canadian policy, 67, 82. =Bk= His defence of Quebec and liberal policy towards French-Canadians, 36. =E= His character as governor, 1. =Hd= Leases St. Maurice forges, 62; his failure to enlist Canadian militia, 111; governor of Canada, his defence of Quebec, 112, 121; succeeded in military command by Burgoyne, 112; resignation of, 113; Haldimand's opinion of, 119; Captain Schank writes to, 159; pulls down houses during siege, 187; proposal to have him supersede Haldimand at Quebec, 188; Haldimand writes to, 189; raises Loyalist corps, 253; returns to Quebec as governor, with t.i.tle of Lord Dorchester, 314; his opinion of Dr. Mabane, 315; his relations with Haldimand, 330-332. =W= Thomas Carleton, a brother of, 5. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Const.i.tutional Development_; Shortt and Doughty, _Doc.u.ments Relating to Const.i.tutional History of Canada_.
=Doreil.= =WM= Commissioner of war, goes to France, 62.
=Dorion, Sir Antoine Aime= (1818-1891). Educated at Nicolet College.
Studied law, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1842. Represented Montreal in Legislature, 1854-1861. Formed administration with George Brown, 1858. Defeated by Cartier in Montreal, 1861. Provincial secretary in Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government, 1862. Succeeded Sicotte as attorney-general, 1863. Minister of justice in Mackenzie government, 1873-1874. Chief-justice of Quebec, 1874-1891. =Index=: =Md= Opposes political domination of the priesthood, 45-46; leader of the _Rouge_ party in Quebec, 64, 102; opposes Confederation, 115, 118, 142; moves amendment on Intercolonial route, 152; refuses to act upon Pacific Scandal Commission, 205. =C= Liberal leader, and disciple of Papineau, 25; his followers, and their revolutionary programme, 26; accepts policy of representation by population, 28; his radicalism keeps him in opposition, 29; offered seat in administration of 1858 by Cartier, and declines, 106-107. =E= Signs Annexation Manifesto, 81; member of the _Parti Rouge_, 108; becomes less radical in his views, 134. =B= Leader of the _Rouges_--his character--friendly relations with George Brown, 80-81; consulted by Brown as to forming ministry, 101; enters his government, 102, 105, 106; his part in converting George Brown to Confederation, 132; moves resolution favouring union of the Canadas in 1856, 132; pledged to settlement of question, 132; opposed to coalition, 160; his speech against Confederation, 175-178, 207; his motion for adjournment defeated, 185; opposed to Brown entering coalition ministry, 199. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_.
=Dorion, Jean Baptiste Eric= (1826-1866). Brother of preceding. One of founders of _L'Avenir_, 1848. Sat in the Legislature, 1854-1857, and again in 1861. =Index=: =E= Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= A Liberal leader in Lower Canada, 25; nicknamed _L'enfant terrible_, 25. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Bib. Can._
=Dorland, Philip.= =S= Quaker, elected to a.s.sembly, but, unable to take oath, resigns, 81.
=Dosquet, Pierre-Herman= (1691-1777). Native of Lille, France; came to Canada, 1721; on his return to France, 1725, consecrated bishop of Samos and appointed coadjutor to Bishop Mornay. Later made bishop of Quebec.
While in Canada lived in the style of a seignior, much in contrast to the simple life of Laval and of St. Vallier. Died in Paris. =Index:= =L= Succeeds Mornay as bishop of Quebec, 12. =Bib.=: Tetu, _Eveques de Quebec_; Casgrain, _L'Habitation de Samos_ (R. S. C., 1906).
=Double Majority.= =Md= Meaning of the term--att.i.tude of public men towards, 78-79; leading plank in platform of the Macdonald-Sicotte government, 89. =B= Origin and meaning of the principle, 82; advocated by John Sandfield Macdonald, 142; opposed by George Brown, 143; Duke of Newcastle on, 143; and separate school question, 145. =BL= Beginnings of the system, 258; Hincks's views on, 259; Baldwin opposed to, 352; Turcotte and Hincks on, 352. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Mackenzie, _George Brown_.
=Double Ministries.= Brown-Dorion; Hincks-Morin; La Fontaine-Baldwin; Macdonald-Cartier; Macdonald-Dorion; Macdonald-Sicotte; MacNab-Morin; MacNab-Tache; Sherwood-Daly; Tache-Macdonald. _See under_ names of individual ministers.
"=Double Shuffle=," 1858. =B= History of, 107-108. =Md= An ingenious device resorted to by Macdonald, Cartier, and their colleagues, to avoid the necessity of re-election, 85-87. =Bib.=: Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Mackenzie, _George Brown_; Biggar, _Sir Oliver Mowat_.
=Doucett, Joseph.= Lieutenant-governor of the Fort of Annapolis, 1717-1726. Member of the governor's Council.
=Dougall, John= (1808-1886). Born in Paisley, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1826, and took up mercantile pursuits. For a time editor of the _Canada Temperance Advocate_; founded the _Montreal Witness_, 1826. Died in Flus.h.i.+ng, New York.