Chapter 34
pp. 291-92: On Adam Clayton Powell, see Thomas, 100. Also see "Appearance by JFK Before National Conventions of Negro Organizations," n.d., Box 536; Shriver to Sorensen, Aug. 8, 1960, and JFK Memo, Aug. 30, 1960, Box 543; and "Record of JFK on Civil Rights and Race Relations," n.d., Box 1061, PPP.
p. 292: "There are no Federal": Meet the Press, Meet the Press, Oct. 16, 1960, Box 780, PPP. Oct. 16, 1960, Box 780, PPP.
pp. 292-93: The King episode is recounted in Wofford, 13-26, and Thomas, 100-103.
p. 293: Polls: Gallup, 1689-90.
p. 293: "the situation looks": James Farley to JFK, Oct. 20, 1960, Box 33, James Farley Papers, LC.
p. 293: "wearing the proper": Eric Sevareid, Boston Globe, Boston Globe, Aug. 18, 1960. Aug. 18, 1960.
p. 293: "lesser of two evils": Edward L. Bernays to John B. Martin, Sept. 15, 1960, Box 73, John B. Martin Papers.
p. 293: "an image of calm": Charles Kuralt, Eyewitness to History, Eyewitness to History, Nov. 4, 1960, CBS TV, Freedom of Communications, Part III, JFKL. Nov. 4, 1960, CBS TV, Freedom of Communications, Part III, JFKL.
p. 293: "The crowds tensed him up": Quoted in Summers, 204.
pp. 293-94: "the change in Kennedy": Ibid.
p. 294: "in our politics": Quoted in Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 76. 76.
p. 294: For JFK's response to the vote count and the vote itself: Sorensen, 238-40; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 56-59; White, 56-59; White, Making, 1960, Making, 1960, 350-51, 385-87; and Bernard Bailyn, xxii-xxiii. 350-51, 385-87; and Bernard Bailyn, xxii-xxiii.
p. 295: For a.n.a.lysis of the vote: See Louis Harris to Joseph Alsop, Nov. 16, 1960, "An a.n.a.lysis of the 1960 Election for President," Joseph and Stewart Alsop Papers, LC; White, Making, 1960, Making, 1960, 350-65; Sorensen, 238-51. 350-65; Sorensen, 238-51.
pp. 295-96: On fraud allegations: See Sen. Theodore F. Green to Attorney Gen. William P. Rogers, Nov. 12, 1960; James H. Duffy to JFK, Nov. 14, 1960, Box 110, POF. Also David Greenberg, "It's a Myth That Nixon Acquiesced in 1960," Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, Nov. 10, 2000. Nov. 10, 2000.
p. 296: "Why, even our friend": William Benton OH, Columbia University.
Chapter 9: The Torch Is Pa.s.sed
p. 299: "more perplexed": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 118. 118.
p. 299: "jubilant:" Sorensen, 255.
p. 299: "hurt his self-confidence": Henry Brandon OH.
p. 299: "How did I": O'Donnell and Powers, 229.
p. 299: His hands trembled: White, Making, 1960, Making, 1960, 348. Sheldon Stern says that films at the JFKL show other instances of JFK's trembling hands, which could have been caused by exhaustion, medications, or nervousness. Stern to Author, April 19, 2002. 348. Sheldon Stern says that films at the JFKL show other instances of JFK's trembling hands, which could have been caused by exhaustion, medications, or nervousness. Stern to Author, April 19, 2002.
p. 299: One reporter: Parmet, JFK, JFK, 59. 59.
pp. 299-300: "still seemed tired": Sorensen, 268.
p. 300: "Jesus Christ": Quoted in Richard Reeves, 25.
p. 300: "I have been through": New York Times, New York Times, Nov. 10, 1960. Nov. 10, 1960.
p. 300: An article based: New York Times, New York Times, Jan. 11, Jan. 17, 1961. Jan. 11, Jan. 17, 1961.
p. 300: Remain in the hands: For a revised view of DDE, see Greenstein.
pp. 300-01: Appointing prominent: See Dallek, Flawed Giant, Flawed Giant, 8-9. 8-9.
p. 301: Dulles and Hoover: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 125. 125.
p. 301: "I haven't the slightest": O'Donnell and Powers, 229.
p. 301: The NYT NYT reported: reported: New York Times, New York Times, Nov. 15, 1960. Nov. 15, 1960.
p. 302: For JFK's views of DDE, see Robert Kennedy OH; Charles Spalding OH.
p. 302: For DDE's view of JFK, see Earl Mazo OH, Columbia University. Also see Parmet, JFK, JFK, 72, and Ambrose, 72, and Ambrose, Eisenhower, Eisenhower, 597. 597.
p. 302: The HST-DDE meeting: Ambrose, Eisenhower, Eisenhower, 14-15. 14-15.
p. 302: "I was anxious": JFK undated notes, Box 29, POF.
p. 302: "the present national security": Informal List of Subjects to be Discussed at Meeting of President Eisenhower and Senator Kennedy, Dec. 5, 1960; John H. Sharon to JFK, Dec. 5, 1960; Briefing Memoranda for Meeting with President Eisenhower, Dec. 6,
p. 302: "to avoid direct involvement" and DDE's topics for discussion: Sharon to JFK, Dec. 5, 1960, Box 29A, POF.
p. 303: For the Dec. 6 meeting and their views of each other, see New York Times, New York Times, Dec. 7, 1960; Robert Kennedy OH; Guthman and Shulman, 54-55; John Sharon OH, Columbia University; Parmet, Dec. 7, 1960; Robert Kennedy OH; Guthman and Shulman, 54-55; John Sharon OH, Columbia University; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 73-74; Richard Reeves, 21-24. 73-74; Richard Reeves, 21-24.
pp. 303-4: JFK's topics: "Memorandum of Subjects for Discussion... Jan. 19, 1961"; "Mr. Kendall dictated," Jan. 17, 1961, Box 29A, POF.
pp. 304-5: For JFK's Jan. 19 meeting with DDE, see JFK memo: "I visited E. this morning"; Robert McNamara to JFK, Jan. 24, 1961; Clark Clifford to JFK, Jan. 24, 1961, Box 29A, POF; Clark Clifford OH; Sorensen, 649; Sidey, 37-38; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 80-81; Richard Reeves, 29-33. 80-81; Richard Reeves, 29-33.
p. 305: On Cuba, see Clifford and McNamara memos, Jan. 24, 1961, Box 29A, POF; and Pat Frank to Bob Kennedy, Aug. 6, 1960; Telephone Calls, Oct. 25, 1960, Pre-Admin., Political Files, RFK Papers, JFKL.
p. 306: "capacity to dominate": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 120. 120.
p. 306: "If I am elected": Quoted in Clifford, 319.
p. 306: "except the right": Quoted in Sorensen, 258.
pp. 306-7: JFK and Neustadt: Richard Neustadt, "Organizing the Transition," Sept. 15, 1960, Box 31, POF; Richard Neustadt OH, Columbia University; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 122-23. 122-23.
p. 307: The best discussion of JFK's transition is in Brauer, chap. 2.
p. 307: No women were considered: Sheldon Stern to Author, April 19, 2002.
p. 307: White House insiders: O'Donnell and Powers, 225.
p. 307: "The President was remarkably accessible": Sorensen, 419; also 293-96.
p. 308: "Jack has asked me": Wofford, 68.
p. 308: "appointing outstanding men" and "For the last four years": O'Donnell and Powers, 234.
p. 308: Schlesinger related his conversation with JFK to me, and told me that he saw the president two or three times a week. For the rest on Schlesinger, see Sorensen, 296-97.
p. 309: "If I string along": O'Donnell and Powers, 235.
p. 309: The economy: State of the Union Message, PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 19-20. 19-20.
p. 309: The balance of payments: Roy Blough, et al., to JFK, Jan. 18, 1961, Box 1073. Conversations between Paul Nitze and Douglas Dillon, Nov. 18, 30, 1960; and Erik Blumenfeld to Ted Sorensen, Nov. 22, 1960, Box 1076, PPP. "The outflow of gold... interested and concerned the President more than any other matter over a longer period of time" (George Smathers OH). Also see Bernstein, 21-23.
pp. 310-11: Dillon's background and appointment: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 133-36; Dean Acheson OH; Clifford OH; Gore, 147; Parmet, 133-36; Dean Acheson OH; Clifford OH; Gore, 147; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 65-66; Bernstein, 127-28; Richard Reeves, 27-28; Guthman and Shulman, 40; 65-66; Bernstein, 127-28; Richard Reeves, 27-28; Guthman and Shulman, 40; Time, Time, Jan. 2, 1961. Jan. 2, 1961.
p. 311: On the CEA and h.e.l.ler: Walter h.e.l.ler OH; Walter h.e.l.ler, "The Meeting with the President-elect," Dec. 23, 1960; and "Recollections of Early Meetings with Kennedy," Jan. 12, 1964, Box 5, Walter W. h.e.l.ler Papers, JFKL; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 76; Bernstein, 123-25; Richard Reeves, 26-27. 76; Bernstein, 123-25; Richard Reeves, 26-27.
p. 311: "I need you": h.e.l.ler, "Recollections."
p. 312: McNamara's appointment: Shapley, chaps. 1-5, especially 82-86. McNamara, 13-17.
p. 313: For the RFK quote: Guthman and Shulman, 35-36.
p. 313: "The s.h.i.+p of State": Myer Feldman OH.
p. 313: "I talked over the presidency": Richard Reeves, 666, n. 25.
p. 313: On AES: Abraham Ribicoff OH, William Atwood OH, John Sharon OH, all Columbia University. Charles Bartlett to JFK, n.d., but clearly after JFK's nomination ("I am given an extremely strong impression... that Adlai, when he meets you next week, intends to hit you hard for a commitment on the State Dept. Job"), Box 27, POF. AES to JFK, Nov. 11, 1960, Box 33, POF.
p. 314: "f.u.c.k him": Ribicoff OH.
p. 314: "might forget": Quoted in Richard Reeves, 25.
p. 314: AES appointment to UN: William McCormick Blair Jr. OH, Columbia University; JFK-AES Press Conference, Dec. 8, 1960, Box 1060, PPP; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 138-39. 138-39.
p. 314: "'a s.h.i.+t list'": Sharon OH.
p. 314: On Bowles and Bundy, see Brauer, 86.
p. 314: On Bruce, see Guthman and Shulman, 5.
p. 314: "thought he had some brains": Ibid., 36-37. Also see Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 139-40; Parmet, 139-40; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 67-68. 67-68.
p. 315: On JFK's appointment of Rusk: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 119-20, 140-41; Parmet, 119-20, 140-41; Parmet, JFK, JFK, 67-69; Brauer, 88-90; Cohen. Dean Rusk, "The President," 67-69; Brauer, 88-90; Cohen. Dean Rusk, "The President," Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs, April 1960. April 1960.
p. 315: "hard-working, tough guy": RFK to O'Donnell, Jan. 4, 1961, Box 1066, PPP.
p. 316: On RFK: Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 228-32. 228-32.
p. 316: "I have now watched you": Ribicoff OH.
p. 316: "he did not know": Acheson OH.
p. 316: "be a great mistake": Ibid.
pp. 316-17: "That would be impossible": Quoted in Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 228-29. 228-29.
p. 317: "would not appoint": "Fletcher Knebel is reporting that you told him that if you were elected President, you would not appoint any relative to the White House staff." Notes, n.d., 1960, Box 7, Evelyn Lincoln Papers, JFKL.
p. 317: "It would be the 'Kennedy brothers'": Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 230. Acheson OH; Clifford, 335-36. 230. Acheson OH; Clifford, 335-36.
p. 317: Others reinforced: Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 229; Rayburn to JFK, Dec. 15, 1960, Box 32, POF; 229; Rayburn to JFK, Dec. 15, 1960, Box 32, POF; New York Times, New York Times, Nov. 24, 1960. Nov. 24, 1960.
p. 317: "just wanted to give": Quoted in Evan Thomas, 110-11.
pp. 317-18: "truly a strange a.s.signment": Clifford, 336-37.
p. 318: "This will kill": Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 231-33. Evan Thomas, 109-10. John Seigenthaler OH. 231-33. Evan Thomas, 109-10. John Seigenthaler OH.
p. 318: "I made up my mind": RFK to Drew Pearson, Dec. 15, 1960, Box 23, RFK Attorney General's Papers, JFKL. RFK said, "My father always told me never write it down" (RFK to John McCone, May 2, 1962, Personal Correspondence, RFK Attorney General's Papers). But in this instance, RFK did.
p. 319: "tried to persuade": Lincoln Diary, Dec. 15, 1960, Box 2, Lincoln Papers, JFKL. JFK and RFK also brought Philip Graham, the publisher of the Was.h.i.+ngton Post, Was.h.i.+ngton Post, into the discussion about the appointment. "Bobby came to my office for an hour and a half of good talk. I think we began to see some new light after much frank discussion. If you want to call me for a report, it might help you give him a little guidance." Philip L. Graham to JFK, Dec. 13, 1960, Box 30, POF. into the discussion about the appointment. "Bobby came to my office for an hour and a half of good talk. I think we began to see some new light after much frank discussion. If you want to call me for a report, it might help you give him a little guidance." Philip L. Graham to JFK, Dec. 13, 1960, Box 30, POF.
p. 319: "'We did it.'": Helen Thomas, 22-23.
p. 319: Criticism: Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, 233-36. 233-36.
p. 319: "d.i.c.k Russell": Baker, 120-21.
p. 319: "Kennedy wanted": Sorensen, 284.
pp. 319-20: On the Hodges, Goldberg, Udall, and Ribicoff appointments, see Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 130-31, 141-42. Also Ribicoff OH. 130-31, 141-42. Also Ribicoff OH.
p. 320: "We are going down": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 143. 143.
p. 320: "opening prayers": Ibid.,136.
p. 320: "could make or break": Sorensen, 285.
p. 320: He fell asleep: Ibid., 287.
p. 321: Cabinet selections and press conferences: Dec. 7, 8, 13, 15, 16, 20, 27, 31, 1960, and Jan. 1, 1961, Box 1060, PPP.
p. 321: Task force reports: See Boxes 1071-1074 and 1076-1077, PPP.
p. 321: "There is no evidence": Bartlett, "News Focus," Nov. 27, 1960, Box 30, POF.
p. 321: "Reporters are not": Quoted in Evan Thomas, 114-15.