Chapter 39
p. 418: "dropped all pretense": FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 249-50. 249-50.
p. 418: Hans J. Morgenthau, "The Trouble with Kennedy," Commentary, Commentary, Dec. 1961, 51-55. Dec. 1961, 51-55.
p. 418: But behind the scenes: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 265. 265.
p. 418: "He's imprisoned": Sidey, 218.
pp. 418-19: Highest priority: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 106-38. Also see NSAM No. 41, April 25, 1961, Box 329, NSF; Henry Kissinger to McGeorge Bundy, June 1, 1961, Box 31, POF; JFK-Finletter meeting, June 14, 1961, and JFK-Stikker meeting, June 16, 1961, Box 220A, NSF; Amb. David Bruce to Rusk, June 25, 1961, Box 170, NSF. 106-38. Also see NSAM No. 41, April 25, 1961, Box 329, NSF; Henry Kissinger to McGeorge Bundy, June 1, 1961, Box 31, POF; JFK-Finletter meeting, June 14, 1961, and JFK-Stikker meeting, June 16, 1961, Box 220A, NSF; Amb. David Bruce to Rusk, June 25, 1961, Box 170, NSF.
p. 419: "The need for re-establis.h.i.+ng": FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 135-36, and 138-59. 135-36, and 138-59.
p. 419: "Look at this": Quoted in Richard Reeves, 188-89.
pp. 419-20: The Nixon dig and the news conference: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 476-84. 644: Also see ibid., 455-56, 458-59, 460-64. 476-84. 644: Also see ibid., 455-56, 458-59, 460-64.
p. 420: "more than military men": NSAM No. 55, June 28, 1961, Box 330, NSF.
p. 420: June 29 meeting with Acheson and others: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 160-62. 160-62.
p. 421: JFK meeting with Soviet journalists: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 264-66. 264-66.
p. 421: The leak and Khrushchev's response: Newsweek, Newsweek, July 3, 1961; Beschloss, July 3, 1961; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 244-45. 244-45.
p. 421: Schlesinger delivered a memo: Schlesinger to JFK, July 7, 1961, in FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 173-76; also see Schlesinger to Bundy, July 13, 1961, Box WH 3, Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Papers, JFKL; and 173-76; also see Schlesinger to Bundy, July 13, 1961, Box WH 3, Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Papers, JFKL; and A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 385-88. 385-88.
pp. 421-22: While they cruised: Richard Reeves, 192-93.
p. 422: Asked McNamara and Bundy: NASM No. 58, June 30, 1961, in FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 162-65. Explanations from the Pentagon: Bundy to McNamara, July 10, 1961, Box 273, NSF. Directed Sylvester: Arthur Sylvester to JFK, July 13, 1961, with Sylvester to Hearst, July 13, 1961, attached, Box 77, POF. 162-65. Explanations from the Pentagon: Bundy to McNamara, July 10, 1961, Box 273, NSF. Directed Sylvester: Arthur Sylvester to JFK, July 13, 1961, with Sylvester to Hearst, July 13, 1961, attached, Box 77, POF.
p. 422: July planning: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 176-226. 176-226.
p. 422: "the only alternatives" and "If Khrushchev wants": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 390-91. 390-91.
p. 422: Press conference, July 19, 1961: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 513-21. 513-21.
pp. 422-23: "didn't amount to very much": Guthman and Shulman, 276-77. Also see PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 520. 520.
p. 423: "Gentlemen, you might as well": Quoted in Catudal, 182. Also see FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 218. 218.
pp. 423-24: Kennedy's speech on the 25th: Report to American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961. PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 533-40.
p. 424: Response to the speech: Donald M. Wilson to JFK, Aug. 1, 1961, Box 290, NSF.
p. 424: Press reaction: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 392. Congress: 392. Congress: New York Times, New York Times, Aug. 4, 1961. Nixon: Aug. 4, 1961. Nixon: Dallas Morning News, Dallas Morning News, July 29, 1961. July 29, 1961.
p. 424: Sixty percent: Gallup, 1726, 1729-30.
p. 424: Leaked suggestions: Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 262. 262.
p. 424: Khrushchev was unhappy: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 231-34. 231-34.
p. 425: The "twin tactics": Thomas Hughes, "August 7 Khrushchev Speech on Berlin," n.d., Box 82, NSF.
p. 425: Closing the border: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 325; Beschloss, 325; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, chap. 11. chap. 11.
p. 425: Fulbright quote: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 394. 394.
p. 425: JFK to Rostow: Rostow, 231; Walt W. Rostow OH.
p. 425: JFK, "I can get": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 394. 394.
p. 425: Kennedy had no advance knowledge: Lawrence Freedman, 73-75.
p. 425: Frustrated and angry: Parmet, JFK, JFK, 199. 199.
p. 425: "With this weekend's": JFK to McNamara, Aug. 14, 1961, Box 273, NSF.
pp. 425-26: "What steps": FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 332. 332.
p. 426: Stayed at the Cape: Richard Reeves, 211.
p. 426: State Dept. statement: Ibid., 325.
p. 426: "Why would Khrushchev": O'Donnell and Powers, 303.
p. 426: "can and should be": FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 339-41. 339-41.
p. 426: w.i.l.l.y Brandt: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 345-46. 345-46.
p. 426: "Look at this!": Quoted in Wyden, Wall, Wall, 230. 230.
p. 426: Aug. 17 meeting: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 347-49. 347-49.
p. 427: JFK reply to Brandt: Ibid., 352-53.
p. 427: "There'll be a lot": O'Donnell and Powers, 303. Also see Walter Jenkins OH, LBJL.
p. 427: Norstad to Chiefs: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 350-51. 350-51.
pp. 427-28: On LBJ in Bonn and Berlin: Dallek, Flawed Giant, Flawed Giant, 19-20; Schlesinger, 19-20; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 396-97. Also see Wyden, 396-97. Also see Wyden, Wall, Wall, 227-34. 227-34.
p. 428: Wanted fresh proposals: JFK to Rusk, Aug. 21, 1961, in FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 359-60. 359-60.
p. 428: De Gaulle to JFK, Aug. 26, 1961, in ibid., 377-78.
p. 428: Neutralism and threats to civil air and road access: Ibid., 380-85.
p. 428: Nuclear testing and "Khrushchev intends": FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 284, 392. 284, 392.
p. 428: Khrushchev-Pearson: Was.h.i.+ngton Post, Was.h.i.+ngton Post, Aug. 28, 1961. Aug. 28, 1961.
p. 428: Kennan reported: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 387. 387.
pp. 428-29: JFK to Adenauer, Sept. 4, 1961: Ibid., 389-91.
p. 429: JFK reply to Rusk, Sept. 5, 1961: Quoted in Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 398. 398.
p. 429: Clay appointment: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 573. 573.
p. 429: Nuclear testing: Ibid., 580-81, 584-85, 587, 589-90.
p. 429: "f.u.c.ked again": Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 84. 84.
p. 429: "The b.a.s.t.a.r.ds": Quoted in Richard Reeves, 223.
p. 429: Khrushchev-Sakharov: Sakharov, 215-17.
p. 430: Sept. 5 conversation: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 393. 393.
p. 430: Thompson and Gromyko: Ibid., 388-89, 394-95.
p. 430: Reston: New York Times, New York Times, Sept. 6, 1961. Sept. 6, 1961.
p. 430: Wechsler: New York Post, New York Post, Sept. 21-22, 1961. Sept. 21-22, 1961.
p. 430: "spark a Western": "The End of the Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962," Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Winter 1998, 218-220. Winter 1998, 218-220.
p. 430: Message carried by Sulzberger: FRUS, Kennedy-Khrushchev, FRUS, Kennedy-Khrushchev, 24-25. 24-25.
p. 430: Rusk-Gromyko talks: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 431-33, 439-41. 431-33, 439-41.
pp. 430-31: Message from NSK to JFK, Salinger, 191-94.
p. 431: JFK speech: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 618-26. 618-26.
p. 431: "The United States and the Soviet Union": RFK interview, Oct. 24, 1961, Box 2, Personal Papers, RFK Papers, JFKL.
pp. 431-32: NSK to JFK, Sept. 29, 1961: FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, 25-38. 25-38.
p. 432: "This is really": O'Donnell and Powers, 304.
p. 432: JFK greeted Gromyko: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 468-80. 468-80.
p. 432: JFK's view of Gromyko: Walter Lippmann OH.
p. 432: JFK to NSK, Oct. 16, 1961: FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, 38-44. 38-44.
p. 432: NSK announcement: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 400. 400.
pp. 432-33: JFK and Dealey: Manchester, 48-49, 85. Dealey Plaza in Dallas, where JFK was killed, was named for the publisher.
p. 433: JFK to Norstad, Oct. 20, 1961: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 520-23. 520-23.
p. 433: The Gilpatric speech: Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 329-31. 329-31.
pp. 433-34: Soviet reaction: Ibid., 331-36. NSK to JFK, Nov. 9, 1961: FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, FRUS: Kennedy-Khrushchev, 45-57. 45-57.
p. 434: "a time of": Bundy, 363, 681.
p. 434: Rusk cable: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 308-10. 308-10.
p. 434: JFK and Adzhubei, Nov. 25, 1961: Ibid., 320-34.
pp. 434-35: JFK and AES: John B. Martin, 661.
p. 435: Ten-year plan, Berle, and Schlesinger to JFK, June 27, 1961: FRUS: American Republics, FRUS: American Republics, 19-25, 29-30. 19-25, 29-30.
p. 436: Mann to Rusk, Oct. 19, 1961: Ibid., 66-70.
p. 436: Bowles agreed: Ibid., 44-45, 70-72.
p. 436: Bowles and the State Department bureaucracy: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 437-45. 437-45.
pp. 436-37: "The question" and other Bowles quotes: Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 88, 112. 88, 112.
p. 437: "a true believer": Evan Thomas, 141-42.
p. 437: NSAM: NSAM No. 88, Sept. 5, 1961; Bowles to JFK, Sept. 30, 1961, Box 331, NSF.
p. 438: "The Cuba matter": Quoted in Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 473. 473.
p. 438: Discussions foundered and JFK asked Burke: FRUS: Cuba, 1961- 1962, FRUS: Cuba, 1961- 1962, 620-21, 631-33, 635. 620-21, 631-33, 635.
p. 438: JFK told Goodwin and ignoring Castro: Ibid., 640-41, 645-47, 654-58.
p. 438: Goodwin and Che: Ibid., 642-45; Richard Goodwin, 190-208; Goodwin, "President Kennedy's Plan for Peace with Cuba," New York Times, New York Times, July 5, 2000. July 5, 2000.
p. 438: Renewed concern: FRUS: Cuba, 1961-1962, FRUS: Cuba, 1961-1962, 659-60. 659-60.
pp. 438-39: Goodwin urged JFK: Ibid., 664-65.
p. 439: Mongoose and RFK quote: Ibid., 666-67.
p. 439: Nov. 21 meeting: Ibid., 684-86, 688-89.
p. 439: Eight schemes: U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence Activities, Interim Report: Alleged a.s.sa.s.sination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders Interim Report: Alleged a.s.sa.s.sination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C., 1975), 142. (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C., 1975), 142.
p. 439: "people would be gratified": George Smathers OH.