Chapter 105
I fear not. Heaven grant I may be deceived!
W.W.[92]
[92] _Memoirs_, ii. 134.
56. _Of the Roman Catholic Emanc.i.p.ation Bill_.
LETTER TO THE EARL OF LONSDALE.
Rydal Mount, Wednesday.
MY LORD,
There is one point also delicate to touch upon and hazardous to deal with, but of prime importance in this crisis. The question, as under the conduct of the present Ministers, is closely connecting itself with religion. Now after all, if we are to be preserved from utter confusion, it is religion and morals, and conscience, which must do the work. The religious part of the community, especially those attached to the Church of England, must and _do_ feel that neither the Church as an establishment, nor its points of Faith as a church, nor Christianity itself as governed by Scripture, ought to be left long, if it can be prevented, in the hands which manage our affairs.
But I am running into unpardonable length. I took up the pen princ.i.p.ally to express a hope that your Lords.h.i.+p may have continued to see the question in the light which affords the only chance of preserving the nation from several generations perhaps of confusion, and crime, and wretchedness.
Excuse the liberty I have taken, And believe me most faithfully, Your Lords.h.i.+p's Much obliged, W. WORDSWORTH.[93]
[93] _Memoirs_, ii. 135.
57. _Of Ireland and the Poor Laws, &c._
LETTER TO G. HUNTLY GORDON, ESQ.
Rydal Mount, Dec. 1. 1829.
MY DEAR SIR,
You must not go to Ireland without applying to me, as the guide-books for the most part are sorry things, and mislead by their exaggerations.
If I were a younger man, and could prevail upon an able artist to accompany me, there are few things I should like better than giving a month or six weeks to explore the county of Kerry only. A judicious topographical work on that district would be really useful, both for the lovers of Nature and the observers of manners. As to the Giant's Causeway and the coast of Antrim, you cannot go wrong; there the interests obtrude themselves on every one's notice.
The subject of the Poor Laws was never out of my sight whilst I was in Ireland; it seems to me next to impossible to introduce a general system of such laws, princ.i.p.ally for two reasons: the vast numbers that would have equal claims for relief, and the non-existence of a cla.s.s capable of looking with effect to their administration. Much is done at present in many places (Derry, for example) by voluntary contributions; but the narrow-minded escape from the burthen, which falls unreasonably upon the charitable; so that a.s.sessments in the best-disposed places are to be wished for, could they be effected without producing a greater evil.
The great difficulty that is complained of in the well-managed places is the floating poor, who cannot be excluded, I am told, by any existing law from quartering themselves where they like. Open begging is not practised in many places, but there is no law by which the poor can be prevented from returning to a place which they may have quitted voluntarily, or from which they have been expelled (as I was told). Were it not for this obstacle compulsory local regulations might, I think, be applied in many districts with good effect.
It would be unfair to myself to quit this momentous subject without adding that I am a zealous friend to the great principle of the Poor Laws, as tending, if judiciously applied, much more to elevate than to depress the character of the labouring cla.s.ses. I have never seen this truth developed as it ought to be in parliament.
The day I dined with Lord F.L. Gower at his official residence in the Phoenix Park, I met there with an intelligent gentleman, Mr. Page, who was travelling in Ireland expressly to collect information upon this subject, which, no doubt, he means to publish. If you should hear of this pamphlet when it comes out procure it, for I am persuaded it will prove well worth reading. Farewell.
Faithfully yours, WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.[94]
58. _Of the Earl of Lonsdale: Virgil: Book-buying:
TWO LETTERS TO THE VENERABLE ARCHDEACON WRANGHAM.
Rydal Mount, Feb. 19. 1819.
DEAR WRANGHAM,
I received your kind letter last night, for which you will accept my thanks. I write upon the spur of that mark of your regard, or my aversion to letter-writing might get the better of me.
I find it difficult to speak publicly of good men while alive, especially if they are persons who have power. The world ascribes the eulogy to interested motives, or to an adulatory spirit, which I detest.
But of LORD LONSDALE, I will say to you, that I do not think there exists in England a man of any rank more anxiously desirous to discharge his duty in that state of life to which it has pleased G.o.d to call him.
His thought and exertions are constantly directed to that object; and the more he is known the more is he beloved, and respected, and admired.
[94] _Memoirs_, ii. 155-6.
I ought to have thanked you before for your version of VIRGIL'S ECLOGUES, which reached me at last. I have lately compared it line for line with the original, and think it very well done. I was particularly pleased with the skill you have shown in managing the contest between the shepherds in the third Pastoral, where you have included in a succession of couplets the sense of Virgil's paired hexameters. I think I mentioned to you that these poems of Virgil have always delighted me much; there is frequently either an elegance or a happiness which no translation can hope to equal. In point of fidelity your translation is very good indeed.
You astonish me with the account of your books; and I should have been still more astonished if you had told me you had read a third (shall I say a tenth part?) of them. My reading powers were never very good, and now they are much diminished, especially by candle-light; and as to _buying_ books, I can affirm that in _new_ books I have not spent five s.h.i.+llings for the last five years, _i.e._, in Reviews, Magazines, Pamphlets, &c. &c.; so that there would be an end of Mr. Longman, and Mr. Cadell, &c. &c., if n.o.body had more power or inclination to buy than myself. And as to old books, my dealings in that way, for want of means, have been very trifling. Nevertheless, small and paltry as my collection is, I have not read a fifth part of it. I should, however, like to see your army.
'Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp, When Agrican, with fill his _northern_ powers, Besieged Albracca, as _romances_ tell.'
Not that I accuse you of romancing; I verily believe that you have all the books you speak of. Dear Wrangham, are you and I ever like to meet in this world again? _Yours_ is a _corner_ of the earth; _mine_ is _not_ so. I never heard of anybody going to Bridlington; but all the world comes to the Lakes. Farewell. Excuse this wretched scrawl; it is like all that proceeds from, my miserable pen.
Ever faithfully yours, WM. WORDSWORTH.
DEAR WRANGHAM,
You are very good in sending one letter after another to inquire after a person so undeserving of attentions of this kind as myself. Dr. Johnson, I think, observes, or rather is made to observe by some of his biographers, that no man delights to _give_ what he is accustomed to _sell_. 'For example: you, Mr. Thrale, would rather part with anything in this way than your porter.' Now, though I have never been much of a salesman in matters of literature (the whole of my returns--I do not say _net profits_, but _returns_--from the writing trade, not amounting to seven score pounds), yet, somehow or other, I manufacture a letter, and part with it as reluctantly as if it were really a thing of price. But, to drop the comparison, I have so much to do with writing, in the way of labour and profession, that it is difficult to me to conceive how anybody can take up a pen but from constraint. My writing-desk is to me a place of punishment; and, as my penmans.h.i.+p sufficiently testifies. I always bend over it with some degree of impatience. All this is said that you may know the real cause of my silence, and not ascribe it in any degree to slight or forgetfulness on my part, or an insensibility to your worth and the value of your friends.h.i.+p.... As to my occupations, they look little at the present age; but I live in hope of leaving something behind me that by some minds will be valued.
I see no new books except by the merest accident. Of course your poem, which I should have been pleased to read, has not found its way to me.
You inquire about old books: you might almost as well have asked for my teeth as for any of mine. The only _modern_ books that I read are those of Travels, or such as relate to matters of fact; and the only modern books that I care for; but as to old ones, I am like yourself--scarcely anything comes amiss to me. The little time I have to spare--the very little, I may say--all goes that way. If, however, in the _line of your profession_ you want any bulky old Commentaries on the Scriptures (such as not twelve strong men of these degenerate days will venture--I do not say to _read_, but to _lift_), I can, perhaps, as a special favour, accommodate you.
I and mine will be happy to see you and yours here or anywhere; but I am sorry the time you talk of is so distant: a year and a half is a long time looking forward, though looking back ten times as much is as brief as a dream. My writing is wholly illegible--at least I fear so; I had better, therefore, release you.
Believe me, my dear Wrangham, Your affectionate friend, W. WORDSWORTH.[95]
59. _Poems of Edward Moxon_.
LETTER TO MOXON.
(Postmark) Dec. 8. 1826.
DEAR SIR,
It is some time since I received your little volume, for which I now return you my thanks, and also for the obliging letter that accompanied it.
Your poem I have read with no inconsiderable pleasure; it is full of natural sentiments and pleasing pictures: among the minor pieces, the last pleased me much the best, and especially the latter part of it.
This little volume, with what I saw of yourself during a short interview, interest me in your welfare; and the more so, as I always feel some apprehension for the destiny of those who in youth addict themselves to the composition of verse. It is a very seducing employment, and, though begun in disinterested love of the Muses, is too apt to connect itself with self-love, and the disquieting pa.s.sions which follow in the train of that our natural infirmity. Fix your eye upon acquiring independence by honourable business, and let the Muses come after rather than go before. Such lines as the latter of this couplet,