Chapter 81
=Williston, Edward.= =T= Solicitor-general, New Brunswick, 105.
=Williston, John T.= =T= Deserts Liberal party in New Brunswick, 18; elected for Northumberland, 107.
=Willson, John.= Representative for Wentworth. =Index=: =R= Speaker of Legislative a.s.sembly, Upper Canada, 64, 65.
=Wilmot, Benjamin= (1589-1669). =W= Born in England, one of early settlers of New Haven, 3; ancestor of L. A. Wilmot, 3.
=Wilmot, Ezekiel.= =W= Born, 1708, son of Thomas Wilmot, 3.
=Wilmot, Lemuel.= =W= A Loyalist of Poughkeepsie, New York, 3; a captain in Loyal American Regiment, came to New Brunswick after the war, 3.
=Wilmot, Lemuel Allan= (1809-1878). =W= His work for responsible government, 2; born in Sunbury County, New Brunswick, 1809, 2; his ancestry, 3; attorney-general, 1848, 7; a Baptist, 9; his mother, 10; education, 10-11; studies law, 11; interest in militia, 12; his success as a lawyer, 31; enters public life as member for York County, 1834, 31; re-elected, 1835, 32; his eminence as a stump orator, 32, 33; takes leading part in debates, 35; his interest in crown lands question, 35; and question of salaries of customs officials, 38-39; sent to England as delegate, 41-42, 45; again goes to England on behalf of a.s.sembly, _re_ Civil List Bill, 46; elected for York, 47; obtains new charter for King's College, 49-56; on provincial salaries, 61-63; nominated for Speaker, but declines to run, 66; advocates reform of Legislative Council, 68-69; enters the government, 72-73; opposes address to Metcalfe, 74; attacked by _Loyalist_, 75; resigns over Reade appointment, 77; his letter to the governor on same, 77-79; views on education, 83, 88-91; advocates initiation of money grants by executive, 91-93; 94-97; opposes bill requiring executive councillors, etc., to be re-elected, 99-100; re-elected for York, 102; declines seat in government, 102-103; enters government as attorney-general, 116-117; speaks at Portland Railway Convention, 119-126; views on railway question, 126-127; consolidation of criminal law and other legislation, 127-128; on reduction of judges, 129; appointed to bench, 130, 173; Fenety's characterization, 131; appointed lieutenant-governor, 132-133; a many-sided man, his religious life, 133-134; his family life, 135; in the militia, 135; his home, 136; his marriage, 1832, 137; second marriage, 137; character and achievements, 137-139; his death, May 20, 1878, 137. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_; Bourinot, _Canada during Victorian Era_ (R.
S. C., 1897); Roberts, _History of Canada_.
=Wilmot, Montagu.= Lieutenant-colonel in the army, 1755; commanded an expedition against Fort c.u.mberland, 1756. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1763; governor, 1764. Died, 1766. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.
=Wilmot, Robert Duncan= (1809-1891). Born at Fredericton, New Brunswick.
Member of the provincial Parliament, 1846-1861 and in 1865-1867; and surveyor-general, 1851-1854. Provincial secretary in the Wilmot-Gray ministry, and in 1867 called to the Senate, of which he was a member for thirteen years. In 1878-1891 a member of the Privy Council; in 1878-1880 a member of the Cabinet without portfolio, and Speaker of the Senate; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1880-1885. =Index=: =T= Elected for St. John County, 10; elected as a Liberal, but sides with Conservatives, 13-14; joins administration, 18, 23, 24; re-elected for St. John, 24, 30; provincial secretary, 41; his government resigns, 42-43; re-elected for St. John County, as Anti-Confederate, 85-86; enters Smith government, 91; his character, 93; dissatisfied with government, 94; resigns, 94; forms new government with Peter Mitch.e.l.l, 105; elected for St. John County, 109; goes to England as delegate, 120.
=Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_; _Parliamentary Companion_, 1885.
=Wilmot, Thomas.= =W= Born, 1679, son of William Wilmot, 3.
=Wilmot, William=, =W= Father of L. A. Wilmot, 2; lumberman, 3; son of Lemuel Wilmot, 3; his family, 3-4; a Baptist, 9; moves to Fredericton, 10; a local preacher, 10; in politics, 10. =T= In partners.h.i.+p with William Peters, 4.
=Wilson, Sir Adam= (1814-1891). Born in Edinburgh. Educated in that city. In 1830 came to Canada; studied law under Robert Baldwin Sullivan, and in 1839 called to the bar of Upper Canada. In 1840 partner of Robert Baldwin, the Reform leader, and built up a successful practice. Elected to the a.s.sembly for the north riding of York; in 1862-1863 solicitor-general in John Sandfield Macdonald's government; resigned on being appointed a judge of the Queen's Bench. Chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas, 1878; and of Queen's Bench, 1884. Knighted, 1888.
=Index=: =B= Comments on George Brown's letter to Senator Simpson, 249-250; had been supported by _Globe_ in election contests, 250; solicitor-general in Macdonald-Sicotte ministry, 250; attacked by _Globe_, 250-252; takes no part in Brown's trial for contempt of court, 252, 254. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.
=Wilson, Sir Daniel= (1816-1892). Born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Educated at Edinburgh University. In 1845 appointed honorary secretary of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries. In 1853 came to Canada as professor of history and English literature in Toronto University, becoming president of the university in 1881. Elected president of the Royal Society of Canada, 1885. Knighted, 1888. =Bib.=: Works: _Prehistoric Man_; _The Missing Link_; _Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland_; _Chatterton: A Biographical Study_; _The Lost Atlantis, and other Ethnographic Studies_. For biog., _see Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can.
Por._; Kingsford, _Sir Daniel Wilson_ (R. S. C., 1893); MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=Wilson, John.= =T= Runs against Tilley in St. John, New Brunswick, and defeated, 131.
=Wilson, John= (1809-1869). Born in Paisley, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1823; for some years worked on a farm near Perth. Studied law and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1835. Practised his profession at London.
Served as a volunteer during the Rebellion of 1837. Represented London in the a.s.sembly, 1847-1851; defeated, 1851, but again elected, 1854; elected to the Legislative Council, 1863; appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1863. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_.
=Wiman, Erastus= (1834-1904). Born at Churchville, Ontario. Educated in Toronto; early became engaged in newspaper work; joined the staff of the Toronto _Globe_, 1856; edited Montreal _Trade Renew_, 1864-1865; entered the service of R. G. Dun & Co., 1865; removed to the United States, 1866, and connected with many large commercial enterprises. A strong advocate of reciprocity between Canada and the United States. =Index=: =Md= Favours
=Windmill Point.= Situated in Grenville County, Ontario, and the scene of an engagement between filibusters from the United States under Colonel Von Schoultz (_q.v._), and Canadian troops, in November, 1838, when the former were defeated. =Index=: =Mc= Engagement of, 441-444.
=Md= Americans under Von Schoultz capture windmill near Prescott, 8; party finally overcome and leaders court-martialled, 8-9.
=Winnipeg.= Capital of the province of Manitoba. Founded about 1862. In the summer of that year "the first attempt was made to establish a place of business on the highway at the spot where the a.s.siniboine and Red River tracks meet close to the boundary of the Hudson's Bay Company's land reserve" (Hargrave's _Red River_). Incorporated in 1873. Its early growth was very slow and the city suffered for years from the effects of an ill-timed boom. The first decade of the twentieth century, however, brought rapid and substantial growth, =Index=: =D= Becomes centre of western department of Hudson's Bay Company. 265. =Bib.=: Hargrave, _Red River_; Bryce, _Manitoba_; _Ency. Brit._; _Ency. Amer._
=Winnipeg, Lake.= Area, 9460 square miles. The lake was known both to the English on Hudson Bay and to the French in Canada, long before its actual discovery, and is represented on a number of early maps, though sometimes very far from its actual position. The lake was actually discovered by La Verendrye in 1732. The name is derived from the Cree word _Wi-nipi_, turbid water. The name has had a host of variants, from Ouinipigon and Ouinipique to Winnipeck and Winipic, not to mention the name given in Coats's _Hudson Bay_, Winnipeg-gon-e-sepe.
=Winslow, John= (1702-1774). Born in Plymouth, Ma.s.sachusetts. Entered the army. In 1740 captain of a company that served in the expedition to Cuba; in 1752 sent to Fort St. George, Maine, as a commissioner to settle land disputes with the Indians. In 1755 when major-general of militia, and captain in the British army, ordered to Nova Scotia to remove the Acadians from that province. This duty he performed under the instructions of Governor Lawrence. In 1756 as major-general served against the French, and also in 1758-1759. In 1762 chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in Plymouth County. The town of Winslow in Maine is named after him. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Winter, P.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure Act, 187.
=Winthrop, Fitz-John= (1639-1707). Born in Boston, Ma.s.sachusetts.
Educated at Harvard. Going to England, served in the parliamentary army there and in Scotland. Took part in the march of General Monk's army to London. In 1663 returned to New England and employed in both military and civil capacities. In 1690 major-general in command of the army which unsuccessfully invaded Canada. Agent for Connecticut in London, 1693-1697; and governor of the colony, 1698-1707. =Index=: =F= Commands expedition against Montreal, 279; arrives at Albany, and pushes on to Wood Creek, 280; returns to Albany, and to Hartford, Conn., 281. =L= Commands expedition against Montreal, 229; his army disorganized and scattered, 231. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen= (1802-1865). Born at Seville, Spain.
Educated at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, near Durham, and the English College in Rome. Took a leading part in the Oxford movement. Created arch-archbishop of Westminster, and cardinal, 1850. =Index=: =B= His pastoral letter defending the papal bull dividing England into Roman Catholic sees, and George Brown's reply, 44-45. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.
Biog._
=Wolfe, James= (1727-1759). =WM= Intrusted by William Pitt with command of expedition against Quebec, 65, 73; singular anecdote of, 65; birth and personal characteristics, 66, 67; at Dettingen and Culloden, 68; in Paris, 69; attached to the Louisbourg expedition, 70; falls in love, 70, 72; returns to England, 71; his criticism of the Louisbourg campaign, 72; made brigadier and intrusted with expedition against Quebec, 73; bids farewell to father and mother, 74; has under him three brigadiers, 74; hears of his father's death, 76; his plan for the attack, 76-78; proceeds to upper end of island of Orleans, 93; perceives all the difficulty of the situation, 96; his proclamation to the Canadians, 101; advances to Pointe Levis, 108; decides on bombardment of Quebec, 110; seizes left bank of Montmorency River, 112; his hesitancy, 119; courtesy to prisoners taken by Carleton, 125; tries to bridge Montmorency, 127; attempts pa.s.sage of Montmorency by a ford, 128; protests against use of fire-rafts, 130; his poor opinion of Canadian militia, 132, 173; his plan to bring on general engagement, 134; unsuccessfully attacks French position at Montmorency, 139-143; greatly appreciates kindness shown to Ochterlony, 145; after defeat at Montmorency, bombards city with increased severity, 145; burns country on both sides of the St.
Lawrence, 149; ill of fever at Ange Gardien, 154; his great activity and energy, 154; hands command over to his brigadiers, 154; his three plans for attack, 154; accepts plans of brigadiers, 155; convalescent, 156; letter to his mother, 156; his extreme despondency, 157; abandons position at Montmorency, 158; resolves to attack above Quebec, 159; gives general order to be ready for early landing, 163; goes to Pointe-aux-Trembles to reconnoitre, 164; his great discouragement expressed in letter to Lord Holdernesse, 166; goes down opposite Le Foulon and makes careful examination of it, 168; his propositions to council of war, as narrated by French author, 169; visits each s.h.i.+p in the fleet above Quebec, 170; his last proclamation from H.M.S.
_Sutherland_, 172; bequests in his will, 175; intrusts portrait of Miss Lowther to Captain Jervis, 175; his boat takes the lead in moving down the river, 179; his conversation in the boat, 179; recites Gray's _Elegy_, 180; climbs up cliff and arranges troops in line of battle, 182; advances towards Quebec, 186; marches to battle at head of his troops, 197; death of, 200; his remains conveyed to England on _Royal William_, 238; grief of his mother, 239; monument to, in Westminster Abbey, 239. =Dr= His friends.h.i.+p for Carleton, 30; secures his appointment to Quebec expedition, 31. =P= Causes of his victory at Quebec, 143. =BL= Sydenham ranked with, 112. =Hd= Besieges Quebec, 25; preparations made in event of his failure, 28; his success and death, 34; compared with Amherst, 35; Gugy comes with, to Quebec, 62; glories won by, on Plains of Abraham, 121. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _Fight for Canada_; Willson, _Life and Letters of James Wolfe_; Salmon, _Life of Wolfe_; Bradley, _Life of Wolfe_ and _The Fight with France_.
=Wolford Lodge.= =S= In Devon, family estate of Simcoe, 40, 220, 222.
=Wolseley, Garnet Joseph, Viscount= (1833-). Born in Golden Bridge House, Dublin county, Ireland. In 1852 entered the army as ensign; served in the Burmese War, 1852-1853; in the Crimean War, 1854-1856; and in India, 1857; in 1861 sent to Canada in connection with the _Trent_ incident; in 1867 deputy-quartermaster-general of Canada; and in 1869-1870 commanded the Red River Expedition during the Riel Rebellion; commanded the British army in the Ashantee War of 1873-1874; and in Egypt, 1882, and 1884-1885; field-marshal in 1894; and commander-in-chief of the army, 1895-1900. =Index=: =C= His expedition to North-West, 69-70; his article in _Blackwood's Magazine_, 70-71; his quarrel with Cartier, 130. =Md= Leads expedition against Riel, 161; gains a bloodless victory, 162. =Bib.=: _Story of a Soldier's Life_. For biog., _see_ _Who's Who_.
=Wood, Edmund Burke= (1820-1882). Born near Fort Erie, Ontario. Educated at Overton College, Ohio. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1848, and appointed clerk of the County Court of Brant, 1853. Represented West Brant in the Canadian a.s.sembly, 1863-1867. After Confederation returned for both the Ontario a.s.sembly and the Dominion House of Commons, but resigned the latter seat, 1872. Held office as provincial treasurer in the Sandfield-Macdonald ministry, 1867-1871. Elected to the House of Commons for West Durham, 1873. Appointed chief-justice of Manitoba, 1874. Died in Winnipeg. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._
=Wood, Enoch.= =W= Methodist clergyman in Fredericton, 133; his influence over L. A. Wilmot, 133.
=Wood Creek.= =F= Expedition against Montreal encamps at, 280.
=Wool, Captain.= =Bk= Succeeds in landing United States troops above Queenston, 303.
=Wooster, David= (1710-1777). Born in Stratford, Connecticut. Graduated at Yale University. Took part in the expedition against Louisbourg, 1745; in 1776 served as brigadier-general of the American forces in Canada. =Index=: =Dr= Montgomery leaves him in charge at Montreal, 116; on death of Montgomery, succeeds to command at Quebec, 132; his army reinforced, 134; criticized in Franklin's report, 136; recalled, 136.
=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Work, or Wark, John= (1792-1861). Born in Ireland. Entered service of Hudson's Bay Company, 1814; employed east of the mountains until 1822, when transferred to the Columbia; in charge of Fort Simpson, 1835-1849; appointed chief factor, 1846; removed to Victoria, 1849, as one of the managers of the Company's affairs on the Pacific slope. In 1857 a member of the Legislative Council of Vancouver Island. Died at Victoria.
=Index=: =D= Leads expedition into wilds of Oregon and the Upper Missouri in 1834, 132; member of Victoria board of management, 265; his death, 265. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of British Columbia_; Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.
=Workman, T.= =Md= Liberal, elected for Montreal in by-election in 1876, 224.
=Wrangell, Ferdinand Petrovitch, Baron von= (1796-1870). Born in Pleskau, Esthonia. Educated in the school for cadets in St. Petersburg.
Entered the Russian navy in 1812; in 1817 took part in a scientific expedition to Siberia and Kamtchatka; and in 1820 commanded an expedition to explore the Russian polar seas, which reached 72 2' north lat.i.tude. In 1827 appointed governor of Russian America (Alaska), and during his administration made surveys of the country, opened roads, built bridges, and inst.i.tuted various other reforms and improvements. In 1834 recalled to Russia; in 1837 rear-admiral; in 1847 vice-admiral.
Strongly opposed to the cession of Alaska to the United States. =Index=: =D= Succeeds Baranoff in Russian America, 45.
=Wright, Justice.= =S= Barrack-master, 47.
=Wright, Philemon= (1760-1839). Born in Woburn, Ma.s.sachusetts. In 1800 emigrated to Canada, and ascended the river Ottawa sixty miles beyond any previous known settler, with the object of selecting a suitable tract of land for a settlement. Eventually chose the site of the present town of Hull, Quebec, and received a grant from the government. Imported several of the best breeds of cattle from Great Britain, and, introducing other improvements, the agricultural settlement grew into an important and thriving towns.h.i.+p.
=Wyoming District.= =Hd= Laid waste, 151.
=X Y Company.= Founded at Montreal in 1795 by several partners of the North West Company, who had become dissatisfied with the administration of the old company, and particularly resented the autocratic ways of its chief, Simon McTavish, popularly known among the fur traders, because of his domineering manner, as "Le Premier," and "Le Marquis." The backbone of the new concern was the powerful Montreal firm of Forsyth, Richardson & Co. Alexander Mackenzie was almost persuaded to join the new company in 1795, but did not actually do so until 1801. Meanwhile the X Y Company had built a post at Grand Portage in 1797, and followed their rivals to the a.s.siniboine, the Saskatchewan, the Athabaska, and even into the remote Peace River country. On the death of McTavish, in 1804, the two companies were united as the North West Company. =Index=: =MS= Organized by malcontents from North West Company, 6, 92; builds rival post at Grand Portage, 93; Mackenzie becomes the head of, 98; absorbed by North-West Company, 1804, 99. =Bib.=: Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.
=Yale, James Murray.= Entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company about 1815, when still a boy, and after some years' service east of the mountains, transferred to New Caledonia. Eventually promoted to the rank of chief factor; and retired from the service about 1870, settling near Victoria, where he died. Fort Yale on the Fraser River was named after him. =Index=: =D= At Stewart Lake, 99; in command at Fort George, 1823, 105. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of British Columbia_.
=Yamaska River.= Rises in Brome Lake. After a course of about ninety miles falls into the St. Lawrence at the head of Lake St. Peter.
=Index=: =Ch= Named by Champlain, De Genes, 52.
=Yellowhead Pa.s.s.= Through the Rocky Mountains. Elevation, 3733 feet above sea level. The summit of the pa.s.s is eighteen miles in a straight line from the Athabaska River. Yellowhead Lake, a little west of the summit, discharges its waters into the Fraser River. Because of its easy gradients, this pa.s.s was favoured by (Sir) Sandford Fleming as the route for the Canadian Pacific Railway, but political considerations forced the selection of the much more difficult Kicking Horse Pa.s.s.