Chapter 55
122 "I'm not a U.S. company and I don't make decisions based"
Steve Coll, Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power (New York: Penguin Press, 2012), p. 71.
123 "dependence upon the positions of particular governments"
Bakan, The Corporation, p. 25.
124 "n.o.body tells those guys what to do"
Coll, Private Empire, p. 257.
125 political action committees exploded
Federal Election Commission, "The Growth of Political Action Committees, 19741998," http://www.voteview.com/Growth_of_PACs_by_Type.htm.
126 corporations with registered corporate lobbyists
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, Winner-Take-All Politics: How Was.h.i.+ngton Made the Rich Richer-And Turned Its Back on the Middle Cla.s.s (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), p. 118.
127 from $100 million in 1975 to $3.5 billion per year in 2010
Robert G. Kaiser, "Citizen K Street: Introduction," Was.h.i.+ngton Post, March 2007, http://blog.was.h.i.+ngtonpost.com/citizen-k-street/chapters/introduction/; Bennett Roth and Alex Knott, "Lobby Dollars Dip for First Time in Years," Roll Call, February 1, 2011.
128 top the list of lobbying expenditures
Roth and Knott, "Lobby Dollars Dip for First Time in Years."
129 more than all lobbyist expenditures combined when the Powell Plan
Kaiser, "Citizen K Street: Introduction."
130 only 3 percent of retiring members of Congress
Lessig, Republic, Lost, p. 123.
131 more than 50 percent of retiring senators and more than 40 percent
Ibid.
132 "ideological warfare"
Powell, "The Powell Memo."
133 change the character of American government
Timothy Noah, "Think Cranks," New Republic, March 30, 2012.
134 princ.i.p.al as quickly as possible in order to have maximum impact
Ibid.
135 Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
Ibid.
136 Adolph Coors Foundation
David Brock, The Republican Noise Machine: Right-Wing Media and How It Corrupts Democracy (New York: Random House, 2005), p. 43.
137 "if, in turn, business is willing to provide the funds"
Powell, "The Powell Memo."
138 seminars organized by wealthy corporate interests
Eric Lichtblau, "Advocacy Group Says Justices May Have Conflict in Campaign Finance Case," New York Times, January 19, 2011.