Chapter 137
Roger Revelle and Hans Suess, "Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 During the Past Decades," Tellus 9 (February 1957).
186 began more than 150 years ago
NASA, "John Tyndall (18201893)," http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Tyndall/.
187 first oil well by Colonel Edwin Drake in Pennsylvania
Judah Ginsberg, "The Development of the Pennsylvania Oil Industry," American Chemistry Society, http://portal.acs.org.
188 doubling of CO2 concentrations
Svante Arrhenius, "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground," Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41 (April 1896).
189 concentration was increasing steadily by a significant amount
Spencer Weart, "The Discovery of Global Warming: Money for Keeling: Monitoring CO2," 2003, http://www.aip.org/history/climate/Kfunds.htm.
190 CO2 throughout this yearly seasonal cycle was being s.h.i.+fted steadily upward
Ibid.
191 there are sixty other "distributed cooperative" sets of measurements
"Tracking Long-Term Measurements of Gases and Aerosols That Contribute to Climate Change," NOAA Magazine, July 15, 2004, http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag140.htm.
192 which has long predicted this result, and an effective cross-check
"Atmospheric Oxygen Research: Research Overview," Scripps Inst.i.tute of Oceanography, http://scrippso2.ucsd.edu/research-overview.
193 the national academies of the G8 nations
Coral Davenport, "Heads in the Sand," National Journal, December 2, 2011, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/heads-in-the-sand-20111201.
194 "need for urgent action to address climate change is now indisputable"
National Academies of Science, "G8+5 Academies' Joint Statement: Climate Change and the Transformation of Energy Technologies for a Low Carbon Future," May 2009, www.nasonline.org/about-nas/leaders.h.i.+p/president/statement-climate-change.pdf.
195 "9798 percent of the climate researchers"
William Anderegg et al., "Expert Credibility in Climate Change," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010.
196 "Denial can be conscious or unconscious refusal"
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Foundation, "Five Stages of Grief," 2012.
197 "refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings"
"Denial," Stedman's Medical Dictionary, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/denial.
198 and stronger attacks on those who insist that we must take action
Chris Mooney, "The Science of Why We Don't Believe Science," Mother Jones, June 2011.
199 Two social scientists
Jane Risen and Clayton Critcher, "Visceral Fit: While in a Visceral State, a.s.sociated States of the World Seem More Likely," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100, no. 5 (2012).
200 automatically rejecting any potential alternative
"System Justification Theory," Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology, 2011.
201 "In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment"
Ronald Reagan, Speech to the United Nations General a.s.sembly, September 21, 1987.