Chapter 48
[Footnote 17: Albert A. C. Le Souef, "Notes on the Natives of Australia," in R. Brough Smyth's _Aborigines of Victoria_ (Melbourne and London, 1878), ii. 289 _sq._]
[Footnote 18: (Sir) George Grey, _Journals of two Expeditions of Discovery in Northwest and Western Australia_ (London, 1841), ii. 238.]
[Footnote 19: A. Oldfield, "The Aborigines of Australia," _Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London_, N.S. iii. (1865) p. 236.]
[Footnote 20: A. Oldfield, _op. cit._ p. 245.]
[Footnote 21: J. Dawson, _Australian Aborigines_ (Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide, 1881), p. 63.]
[Footnote 22: H. E. A. Meyer, "Manners and Customs of the Aborigines of the Encounter Bay Tribe," _Native Tribes of South Australia_ (Adelaide, 1879), p. 195.]
[Footnote 23: C. W. Schurmann, "The Aboriginal Tribes of Port Lincoln in South Australia," _Native Tribes of South Australia_, pp. 237 _sq._]
[Footnote 24: Rev. G. Taplin, "The Narrinyeri," _Native Tribes of South Australia_ (Adelaide, 1879), p. 25.]
[Footnote 25: R. Brough Smyth, _The Aborigines of Victoria_ (Melbourne and London, 1878) i. 110.]
[Footnote 26: W. E. Stanbridge, "Some Particulars of the General Characteristics, Astronomy, and Mythology of the Tribes in the Central Part of Victoria, Southern Australia," _Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London_, New Series, i. (1861) p. 299.]
[Footnote 27: Lorimer Fison and A. W. Howitt, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_ (Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, and Brisbane, 1880), pp. 250 _sq._]
[Footnote 28: A. L. P. Cameron, "Notes on some Tribes of New South Wales," _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_ xiv. (1885) pp. 361, 362 _sq._]
[Footnote 29: Rev. W. Ridley, _Kamilaroi_, Second Edition (Sydney, 1875), p. 159.]
[Footnote 30: Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen, _Native Tribes of Central Australia_ (London, 1899), pp. 46-48.]
[Footnote 31: _Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits_, v. (Cambridge, 1904) pp. 248, 323.]
[Footnote 32: E. Beardmore, "The Natives of Mowat, British New Guinea,"
_Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xix. (1890) p. 461.]
[Footnote 33: R. E. Guise, "On the Tribes inhabiting the Mouth of the Wanigela River, New Guinea," _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xxviii. (1899) p. 216.]
[Footnote 34: C. G. Seligmann, _The Melanesians of British New Guinea_ (Cambridge, 1910), p. 279.]
[Footnote 35: K. Vetter, _Komm heruber und hilf uns! oder die Arbeit der Neuen-Dettelsauer Mission_, iii. (Barmen, 1898) pp. 10 _sq._; _id._, in _Nachrichten uber Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land und den Bismarck-Archipel, 1897_, pp. 94, 98. Compare B. Hagen, _Unter den Papuas_ (Wiesbaden,
256; _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte, 1900_, p. (415).]
[Footnote 36: Father A. Deniau, "Croyances religieuses et moeurs des indigenes de l'Ile Malo," _Missions Catholiques_, x.x.xiii. (1901) pp. 315 _sq._]
[Footnote 37: C. Ribbe, _Zwei Jahre unter den Kannibalen der Salomo-Inseln_ (Dresden-Blasewitz, 1903), p. 268.]
[Footnote 38: P. A. Kleint.i.tschen, _Die Kustenbewohner der Gazellehalbinsel_ (Hiltrup bei Munster, N.D.), p. 344. As to beliefs of this sort among the Sulka of New Britain, see _P._ Rascher, "Die Sulka,"
_Archiv fur Anthropologie_, xxix. (1904) pp. 221 _sq._; R. Parkinson, _Dreissig Jahre in der Sudsee_ (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 199-201.]
[Footnote 39: G. Brown, D.D., _Melanesians and Polynesians_ (London, 1910), p. 176. Dr. Brown's account, of the Melanesians applies to the natives of New Britain and more particularly of the neighbouring Duke of York islands.]
[Footnote 40: Father Abinal, "Astrologie Malgache," _Missions Catholiques_, xi. (1879) p. 506.]
[Footnote 41: A. Grandidier, "Madagascar," _Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie_ (Paris), Sixieme Serie, iii. (1872) pp. 399 _sq._ The talismans (_ahouli_) in question consist of the horns of oxen stuffed with a variety of odds and ends, such as sand, sticks, nails, and so forth.]
[Footnote 42: Major A. J. N. Tremearne, _The Tailed Head-hunters of Nigeria_ (London, 1912), pp. 171 _sq._; _id._, "Notes on the Kagoro and other Headhunters," _Journal of the Royal Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xlii. (1912) pp. 160, 161.]
[Footnote 43: E. Hurel, "Religion et vie domestique des Bakerewe,"
_Anthropos_, vi. (1912) pp. 85-87.]
[Footnote 44: Father Campana, "Congo Mission Catholique de Landana,"
_Missions Catholiques_, xxvii. (1895) pp. 102 _sq_.]
[Footnote 45: Th. Masui, _Guide de la Section de l'etat Independant du Congo a l'Exposition de Bruxelles--Tervueren en 1874_ (Brussels, 1897), p. 82.]
[Footnote 46: See for example O. Lenz, _Skizzen aus Westafrika_ (Berlin, 1878), pp. 184 _sq._; C. Cuny, "De Libreville au Cameroun," _Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie_ (Paris), Septieme Serie, xvii. (1896) p. 341; Ch. Wunenberger, "La mission et le royaume de Humbe, sur les bords du Cunene," _Missions Catholiques_, xx. (1888) p. 262; Lieut. Herold, "Bericht betreffend religiose Anschauungen und Gebrauche der deutschen Ewe-Neger," _Mittheilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten_, v. (1892) p. 153; Dr. R. Plehn, "Beitrage zur Volkerkunde des Togo-Gebietes,"
_Mittheilungen des Seminars fur Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin_, ii.
Dritte Abtheilung (1899), p. 97; R. Fisch, "Die Dagbamba,"
_Baessler-Archiv_, iii. (1912) p. 148. For evidence of similar beliefs and practices in other parts of Africa, see Brard, "Der Victoria-Nyanza," _Petermann's Mittheilungen_, xliii. (1897) pp. 79 _sq._; Father Picarda, "Autour du Mandera," _Missions Catholiques_, xviii. (1886) p. 342.]
[Footnote 47: Rev. R. H. Na.s.sau, _Fetichism in West Africa_ (London, 1904), pp. 241 _sq._]
[Footnote 48: "Strange Adventures of Andrew Battel," in John Pinkerton's _Voyages and Travels_, xvi. (London, 1814) p. 334.]
[Footnote 49: _Gouvernement General de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise, Notices publiees par le Gouvernement Central a l'occasion de l'Exposition Coloniale de Ma.r.s.eille, La Cote d'Ivoire_ (Corbeil, 1906), pp. 570-572.]
[Footnote 50: Hugh Goldie, _Calabar and its Mission_, New Edition (Edinburgh and London, 1901), pp. 34 _sq._, 37 _sq._]
[Footnote 51: Above, p. 35.]
[Footnote 52: E. R. Smith, _The Araucanians_ (London, 1855), pp. 236 _sq._]
[Footnote 53: Father Trilles, "Milles lieues dans l'inconnu; a travers le pays Fang, de la cote aux rives du Djah," _Missions Catholiques_, x.x.xv. (1903) pp. 466 _sq._, and as to the poison ordeal, _ib._ pp. 472 _sq._]
[Footnote 54: R. H. Codrington, _The Melanesians_ (Oxford, 1891), p.
194.]
[Footnote 55: Dudley Kidd, _The Essential Kafir_ (London, 1904), pp. 133 _sq._]
[Footnote 56: In like manner the Baganda generally ascribed natural deaths either to sorcery or to the action of a ghost; but when they could not account for a person's death in either of these ways they said that Walumbe, the G.o.d of Death, had taken him. This last explanation approaches to an admission of natural death, though it is still mythical in form. The Baganda usually attributed any illness of the king to ghosts, because no man would dare to practise magic on him. A much-dreaded ghost was that of a man's sister; she was thought to vent her spite on his sons and daughters by visiting them with sickness. When she proved implacable, a medicine-man was employed to catch her ghost in a gourd or a pot and throw it away on waste land or drown it in a river.
See Rev. J. Roscoe, _The Baganda_ (London, 1911), pp. 98, 100, 101 _sq._, 286 _sq._, 315 _sq._]
LECTURE III
MYTHS OF THE ORIGIN OF DEATH
[Sidenote: Belief of savages in man's natural immortality.]