Nixonland.

A group called the California League: "California's Dirty Book Caper," "California's Dirty Book Caper," Nation, Nation, April 18, 1966. April 18, 1966. Other activists went to war on a textbook: Other activists went to war on a textbook: "Schools on Coast Embattled Anew," NYT, May 15, 1966; "The California Textbook Fight," "Schools on Coast Embattled Anew," NYT, May 15, 1966; "The California Textbook Fight," Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, November 1967. November 1967. The L.A. County Board of Supervisors: The L.A. County Board of Supervisors: "Art Show to Open with Heavy Guard," LAT, May 30, 1966. "Art Show to Open with Heavy Guard," LAT, May 30, 1966.

The head of the nation's leading a.s.sociation: "Student Morals Worry Educators," NYT, March 3, 1966. "Student Morals Worry Educators," NYT, March 3, 1966. A psychiatry professor, for instance: Raleigh Observer, A psychiatry professor, for instance: Raleigh Observer, May 1, 1966 (AP dispatch). May 1, 1966 (AP dispatch). A writer in the A writer in the Nation Nation a.s.serted: a.s.serted: Review of Review of The Dignity of Youth and Other Atavisms, Nation, The Dignity of Youth and Other Atavisms, Nation, March 28, 1966. March 28, 1966.

In San Diego, a terrorist tossed: LAT, March 8, 1966. LAT, March 8, 1966. In Pacific Palisades: In Pacific Palisades: "50 Longhairs Protest Clipping Order," LAT, March 8, 1966. "50 Longhairs Protest Clipping Order," LAT, March 8, 1966. "This congregation is a travesty": "This congregation is a travesty": "Detroit Rabbi Shot Before 1,000 in Synagogue," NYT, February 13, 1966. "Detroit Rabbi Shot Before 1,000 in Synagogue," NYT, February 13, 1966.

W.E.B. Du Bois Club: "U.S. Asks to Have Du Bois Clubs Registered as Communist Front," NYT, March 5, 1966; "Du Bois Members Beaten by Crowd," NYT, March 6, 1966; "Explosion Wrecks Du Bois Headquarters in San Francisco," NYT, March 7, 1966; "Du Bois 'Duplicity' Decried by Nixon," NYT, March 9, 1966.

"Time's story is biased": Letters, Letters, Time, Time, April 29, 1966. April 29, 1966. An Oklahoma minister: Chicago Sun-Times, An Oklahoma minister: Chicago Sun-Times, May 28, 1966. May 28, 1966.

"All the most vociferous": Champaign-Urbana Courier, in PDP, Box 1118/A (Youth: Stud. Protest). in PDP, Box 1118/A (Youth: Stud. Protest).

Reagan and Brown in Norwalk: Boyarsky, Rise of Ronald Reagan, Rise of Ronald Reagan, 13234. 13234.

In 1956, Eleanor Roosevelt: Mike Royko, Mike Royko, Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago (New York: New American Library, 1971), 134. (New York: New American Library, 1971), 134. "I'd like to be an Alabama trooper": "I'd like to be an Alabama trooper": "Confrontation in Chicago: Mayor Daley Meets the Movement," "Confrontation in Chicago: Mayor Daley Meets the Movement," Nation, Nation, August 30, 1965. August 30, 1965.

King had once believed impoverished: Sat.u.r.day Review, November 13, 1965. King moves to Lawndale: Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor, November 13, 1965. King moves to Lawndale: Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor, American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 360. (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 360. He simply announced, "All of us": He simply announced, "All of us": Roger Biles, Roger Biles, Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago (De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995), 119; Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, "King's Chicago Pillow," WP, August 29, 1966. (De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995), 119; Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, "King's Chicago Pillow," WP, August 29, 1966. Forthwith, the commissioner was fired: Forthwith, the commissioner was fired: Nicholas Lemann, Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America (New York: Vintage, 1992), 196. (New York: Vintage, 1992), 196.

"The principle that a man's home": "White Castles," WSJ, June 22, 1966. "White Castles," WSJ, June 22, 1966. The eighty-three-thousand-member National: The eighty-three-thousand-member National: "Realty Board Is Leading Drive Against Housing Ban," NYT, May 24, 1966. "Realty Board Is Leading Drive Against Housing Ban," NYT, May 24, 1966.

And if a man leaves his castle: Clark MacGregor, House debate, August 3, 1966, Clark MacGregor, House debate, August 3, 1966, Congressional Record Congressional Record 112, pt. 14, 18, 915. 112, pt. 14, 18, 915. "Employment often depends": "Employment often depends": Emanuel Celler, May 4, 1966, opening speech, United States Congress, Emanuel Celler, May 4, 1966, opening speech, United States Congress, Civil Rights, 1966: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 5, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session Civil Rights, 1966: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 5, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966), 1. Chairman of Time Inc.: "Statement of Andrew Heiskell," Ibid., 1538. Whitney Young: Ibid., 1429. Social science: Nicholas Katzenbach testimony, Ibid., exhibits 18. President Eisenhower's Civil Rights Commission: James L. Sunquist, (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966), 1. Chairman of Time Inc.: "Statement of Andrew Heiskell," Ibid., 1538. Whitney Young: Ibid., 1429. Social science: Nicholas Katzenbach testimony, Ibid., exhibits 18. President Eisenhower's Civil Rights Commission: James L. Sunquist, Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: Brookings Inst.i.tution Press, 1968), 275. (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: Brookings Inst.i.tution Press, 1968), 275. Real estate tyc.o.o.n James W. Rouse: Civil Rights, 1966, Real estate tyc.o.o.n James W. Rouse: Civil Rights, 1966, May 24 testimony. May 24 testimony. Attorney General Katzenbach thundered: Attorney General Katzenbach thundered: Ibid., 104975; "Katzenbach Asks Housing Bias Ban," NYT, May 5, 1966. Ibid., 104975; "Katzenbach Asks Housing Bias Ban," NYT, May 5, 1966.

"as long as they have breath": Raleigh Observer, May 1, 1966. May 1, 1966.

Aggrieved const.i.tuents began flooding: PDP722, James F. Nelson to Douglas, June 16, 1966; unsigned, March 11, 1966. PDP722, James F. Nelson to Douglas, June 16, 1966; unsigned, March 11, 1966.

"the only thing that counts": Dan T. Carter, Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 339. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 339. One sweltering day late in April: One sweltering day late in April: "Wallace Orders New Segregation," NYT, April 28, 1966. "Wallace Orders New Segregation," NYT, April 28, 1966.

"If every politician is an actor": Norman Mailer, Norman Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather St. George and the G.o.dfather (New York: New American Library, 1972), 15. (New York: New American Library, 1972), 15. "I'm gonna draw the water": "I'm gonna draw the water": Carter, Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 273. 273. Behind the scenes, an acquaintance: Behind the scenes, an acquaintance: Ibid. Ibid.

Civil rights groups flooded the state: Ibid., 252. Ibid., 252. "There is no more civil rights": "There is no more civil rights": Charles Silberman in Charles Silberman in Fortune, Fortune, November 1965, in LBJCR, Reel 2. November 1965, in LBJCR, Reel 2. Alabama's primary, under Justice Department: Alabama's primary, under Justice Department: Jason J. Battle, "Racial Politics and the 1966 Alabama Gubernatorial Election, Jason J. Battle, "Racial Politics and the 1966 Alabama Gubernatorial Election, Alabama Review Alabama Review 49:2 (1996). 49:2 (1996). Carl Elliot, the favorite of the Yankee: Carl Elliot, the favorite of the Yankee: Carter, Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 285. Richmond Flowers and Confederate flag: Battle, "Racial Politics." 285. Richmond Flowers and Confederate flag: Battle, "Racial Politics."

Wallace campaign scenes: Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 28184; Stephen Lesher, 28184; Stephen Lesher, George Wallace: American Populist George Wallace: American Populist (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 26064. (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 26064.

"An Alabaman would make as good": Ibid., 263. Ibid., 263. The pundits' darling, Carl Elliot: The pundits' darling, Carl Elliot: Carter, Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 285. Carl Elliot billboards: Battle, "Racial Politics." 285. Carl Elliot billboards: Battle, "Racial Politics." Richmond Flowers ran his campaign into a ditch: Richmond Flowers ran his campaign into a ditch: Carter, Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 286. 286. "It was at Selma": "It was at Selma": Ibid., 287. Ibid., 287.

"G.o.d forbid," his liberal Republican: "Conservative G.O.P. '68 Seen by Goldwater," NYT, May 16, 1966. "Conservative G.O.P. '68 Seen by Goldwater," NYT, May 16, 1966.

In October 1965, one hundred thousand citizens: David Farber, David Farber, Chicago '68 Chicago '68 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 65. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 65. The theologian Reinhold Niebuhr: The theologian Reinhold Niebuhr: Gary Dorrien, Gary Dorrien, Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana (New York: Routledge, 2004), 21. (New York: Routledge, 2004), 21. In February, Senator William J. Fulbright: In February, Senator William J. Fulbright: Tom Wells, Tom Wells, The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 6869; A. J. Langguth, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 6869; A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 19541975 Our Vietnam: The War, 19541975 (New York: Touchstone, 2000), 703; Paul Cowan, (New York: Touchstone, 2000), 703; Paul Cowan, The Making of an Un-American The Making of an Un-American (New York: Viking, 1970), 116. (New York: Viking, 1970), 116.

"The Whole Thing Was a Lie!": Peter B. Levy, ed., Peter B. Levy, ed., America in the Sixties-Left, Right, and Center: A Doc.u.mentary History America in the Sixties-Left, Right, and Center: A Doc.u.mentary History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), 143. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), 143. "in the direction of treason": "in the direction of treason": Wells, Wells, War Within, War Within, 57. 57.

Draft and cla.s.s rank: Christian Appy, Working Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam Working Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 35. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 35. At the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago: At the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago: "Chicago U. Protesters Apologize to Office Staff," NYT, May 15, 1966; "Chicago U. Protesters Apologize to Office Staff," NYT, May 15, 1966; Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Sun-Times, May 18 and 19, 1966. SDS alternative draft exam: Wells, May 18 and 19, 1966. SDS alternative draft exam: Wells, War Within, War Within, 8284; Jesse Lemisch interview. 8284; Jesse Lemisch interview.

When New York suffered a huge blackout: A. M. Rosenthal, ed., A. M. Rosenthal, ed., The Night the Lights Went Out The Night the Lights Went Out (New York: New American Library, 1965), 14. (New York: New American Library, 1965), 14.

The first antiwar teach-in:

A week later, in Richmond: Richmond News Leader, May 21, 22, 23, 27, 1966. May 21, 22, 23, 27, 1966. March 26: marchers: March 26: marchers: Jerry Lembcke, Jerry Lembcke, The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 3233. (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 3233. April: the headquarters: April: the headquarters: "4 Fire Bombs Flung at Leftists' Office," NYT, September 30, 1966. "4 Fire Bombs Flung at Leftists' Office," NYT, September 30, 1966. On the afternoon of May 16: On the afternoon of May 16: "One Slain, 2 Wounded in Detroit at Socialist Workers Party Office," NYT, May 17, 1966. "One Slain, 2 Wounded in Detroit at Socialist Workers Party Office," NYT, May 17, 1966.

The barn of a pacifist communal farm: "Pacifists' Barn Burns; Arson Evidence Sought," NYT, October 16, 1966. "Pacifists' Barn Burns; Arson Evidence Sought," NYT, October 16, 1966. A Unitarian church in Denver: A Unitarian church in Denver: Editorial, Editorial, Nation, Nation, October 17, 1966. October 17, 1966. At Boston College, forty-five hundred students: At Boston College, forty-five hundred students: "Boston Students Chide Humphrey," NYT, October 14, 1966. "Boston Students Chide Humphrey," NYT, October 14, 1966. "You are in the sights": "You are in the sights": Paul Buhle, "Radical Madison," Paul Buhle, "Radical Madison," Baffler Baffler 13. 13. In Queens, the DA seized: In Queens, the DA seized: "20 Minutemen, a.r.s.enal Seized in Plot," WP, October 31, 1966. "20 Minutemen, a.r.s.enal Seized in Plot," WP, October 31, 1966.

Sargent Shriver, the Office of Economic Opportunity: "$40 Billion Could End Poverty, Shriver Says," LAT, July 4, 1966. "$40 Billion Could End Poverty, Shriver Says," LAT, July 4, 1966. intellectuals preached a cybernetic: intellectuals preached a cybernetic: Wilbert Ellis Moore and Robert M. Cook, eds., Wilbert Ellis Moore and Robert M. Cook, eds., Readings on Social Change Readings on Social Change (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1967), 143; (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1967), 143; Acid gurus: Acid gurus: Farber, "Intoxicated State." Farber, "Intoxicated State." "Our problems are many": "Our problems are many": "Reagan Enters Gubernatorial Race in California," NYT, January 5, 1966. "Reagan Enters Gubernatorial Race in California," NYT, January 5, 1966.

A social studies: Marc Pilisuk and Robert Perrucci, eds., Marc Pilisuk and Robert Perrucci, eds., The Triple Revolution: Social Problems in Depth The Triple Revolution: Social Problems in Depth (Boston: Little, Brown, 1968). (Boston: Little, Brown, 1968).

The hottest novel: Thomas Pynchon, Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49 The Crying of Lot 49 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966). (New York: Harper & Row, 1966). A new book: A new book: Edward J. Epstein, Edward J. Epstein, Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth (New York: Viking, 1966). (New York: Viking, 1966). Another, Mark Lane's: Another, Mark Lane's: Mark Lane, Mark Lane, Rush to Judgment: A Critique of the Warren Commission's Inquiry into the Murders of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J. D. Tippit, and Lee Harvey Oswald Rush to Judgment: A Critique of the Warren Commission's Inquiry into the Murders of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J. D. Tippit, and Lee Harvey Oswald (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966). (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966).

"alienation index": For questions see "Nixon Given Edge in Alienation Vote," WP, September 1, 1972; for 1966 origins see http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=136. For questions see "Nixon Given Edge in Alienation Vote," WP, September 1, 1972; for 1966 origins see http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=136. "We suddenly found ourselves seriously": "We suddenly found ourselves seriously": Lewis Chester, Bruce Page, and G.o.dfrey Hodgson, Lewis Chester, Bruce Page, and G.o.dfrey Hodgson, American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968 American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968 (New York: Viking, 1969), 52. (New York: Viking, 1969), 52.

"'Great Society' or Nation in Crisis": See See Nation, Nation, March 14, 1966, and July 25, 1966. March 14, 1966, and July 25, 1966.

Ronald Reagan put on a rally: "Reagan Demands Inquiry," NYT, May 14, 1966; "Hand Inquires Why UC Report Went to Reagan," LAT, May 13, 1966; "Reagan Demands Inquiry," NYT, May 14, 1966; "Hand Inquires Why UC Report Went to Reagan," LAT, May 13, 1966; San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Chronicle, June 9, 2002. June 9, 2002.

Governor Pat Brown spent the evening: "Brown Labels Yorty Rightist Fright Peddler," LAT, May 13, 1966. "Brown Labels Yorty Rightist Fright Peddler," LAT, May 13, 1966.

"Pat had the grays": De Groot, "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California." De Groot, "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California." The next day, Yorty: The next day, Yorty: "Yorty Charge Hit," LAT, May 14, 1966. "Yorty Charge Hit," LAT, May 14, 1966. The state's most reliable poll: The state's most reliable poll: Totton J. Anderson and Eugene C. Lee, "The 1966 Election in California," Totton J. Anderson and Eugene C. Lee, "The 1966 Election in California," Western Political Quarterly Western Political Quarterly 20 (June 1967). 20 (June 1967).

Nixon and Pat Buchanan: Jules Witcover, The Resurrection of Richard Nixon The Resurrection of Richard Nixon (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970), 122; Pat Buchanan, (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970), 122; Pat Buchanan, Right from the Beginning Right from the Beginning (Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 32022. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 32022.

Safire's plaid coats: Leonard Garment, Crazy Rhythm: From Brooklyn and Jazz to Nixon's White House, Watergate, and Beyond Crazy Rhythm: From Brooklyn and Jazz to Nixon's White House, Watergate, and Beyond (New York: Crown, 1997), 106. Early Nixon organization: Ibid., 99105; Witcover, (New York: Crown, 1997), 106. Early Nixon organization: Ibid., 99105; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 113. 113. Nixon even hired Paul Keyes: Nixon even hired Paul Keyes: Broder and Hess, Broder and Hess, Republican Establishment, Republican Establishment, 153. 153.

Thus the most important member: Maurice Stans, Maurice Stans, One of the President's Men: Twenty Years with Eisenhower and Nixon One of the President's Men: Twenty Years with Eisenhower and Nixon (Was.h.i.+ngton: Bra.s.sey's, 1995), 12730; Witcover, (Was.h.i.+ngton: Bra.s.sey's, 1995), 12730; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 121. 121.

Donors: Ibid., 123.

"Dear (Insert Name Here)": RNLB, PPS 501/18, July 22, 1966. RNLB, PPS 501/18, July 22, 1966. He hit up the Republican National Committee: He hit up the Republican National Committee: Stephen Ambrose, Stephen Ambrose, Nixon, Vol. 2: The Triumph of a Politician, 19621972 Nixon, Vol. 2: The Triumph of a Politician, 19621972 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 83. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 83.

The crusade began in January: "Nixon Rips Johnson, Sees G.O.P. Victory," NYT, January 30, 1966. "Nixon Rips Johnson, Sees G.O.P. Victory," NYT, January 30, 1966. "I will not go and talk": "I will not go and talk": Fawn Brodie, Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 235. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 235. The next day, he appeared: The next day, he appeared: "Nixon Says 'Appeas.e.m.e.nt Line' Will Be G.O.P. Target in Vote," NYT, January 31, 1966. "Nixon Says 'Appeas.e.m.e.nt Line' Will Be G.O.P. Target in Vote," NYT, January 31, 1966.

His usual round of Lincoln's-birthday: David Broder, "Nixon Campaigns at Tiring Pace for Republican Candidates," NYT, February 10, 1966; Witcover, David Broder, "Nixon Campaigns at Tiring Pace for Republican Candidates," NYT, February 10, 1966; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 124; Broder and Hess, 124; Broder and Hess, Republican Establishment, Republican Establishment, 148. 148.

"Day after day," he wrote: Garment, Garment, Crazy Rhythm, Crazy Rhythm, 100. 100.

In Seattle, the local paper: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, February 13, 1966. February 13, 1966. Then he sat for a televised Q&A: Seattle Times, Then he sat for a televised Q&A: Seattle Times, February 9, 1966. February 9, 1966.

In his memoir, Leonard Garment: Garment, Garment, Crazy Rhythm, Crazy Rhythm, 86. 86.

inflation, Evans and Novak: "What Inflation?" WP, March 16, 1966. "What Inflation?" WP, March 16, 1966. As Nixon noted in an oral history: As Nixon noted in an oral history: Brodie, Brodie, Richard Nixon, Richard Nixon, 320, 540. 320, 540.

The New Yorker New Yorker's "Talk of the Town": "Notes and Comment," "Notes and Comment," New Yorker, New Yorker, March 19, 1966. March 19, 1966. Garment thought the boss had just: Garment thought the boss had just: Garment, Garment, Crazy Rhythm, Crazy Rhythm, 112. 112. In the Gallup Poll: In the Gallup Poll: D. Duane Angel, D. Duane Angel, Romney: A Political Biography Romney: A Political Biography (New York: Exposition Press, 1967), 22. (New York: Exposition Press, 1967), 22.

On April 10 a Boston University: Wells, Wells, War Within, War Within, 72. 72. On April 15, five thousand antiwar: On April 15, five thousand antiwar: Ibid., 71. Ibid., 71. The next day Nixon spoke at Tulane: The next day Nixon spoke at Tulane: "Nixon Backs War Drive," NYT, April 17, 1966. "Nixon Backs War Drive," NYT, April 17, 1966.

"We feel segregation of the races": United States Commission on Human Rights, United States Commission on Human Rights, Political Partic.i.p.ation Political Partic.i.p.ation (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968), 146. (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968), 146. "trying to take the remnants": "trying to take the remnants": "Romney Relaxes Pace in Contest with Nixon for '68 Nomination," NYT, February 14, 1966. "Romney Relaxes Pace in Contest with Nixon for '68 Nomination," NYT, February 14, 1966.

"I will go to any state": "Nixon in the South, Bids GOP Drop Race Issue," NYT, May 7, 1966. "Nixon in the South, Bids GOP Drop Race Issue," NYT, May 7, 1966.

At a party dinner that night: "Nixon Building Solid Southern Base of Support for President Nomination Bid in '68," NYT, May 8, 1966. "Nixon Building Solid Southern Base of Support for President Nomination Bid in '68," NYT, May 8, 1966.

He learned that the beloved Dent: Witcover, Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 310. 310.

"Strom is no racist": Carter, Carter, Politics of Rage, Politics of Rage, 328. 328.

"If I had to practice law": Witcover, Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 127. 127.

Deadwyler case: Johnnie Cochran, A Lawyer's Life A Lawyer's Life (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002), 2428; Terry Anzur interview; David Moberg interview; NYT, May 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 1966; UPI ticker, May 31, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6; Califano to LBJ, May 18, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6; Marvin Watson to LBJ, May 31, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6. (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002), 2428; Terry Anzur interview; David Moberg interview; NYT, May 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 1966; UPI ticker, May 31, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6; Califano to LBJ, May 18, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6; Marvin Watson to LBJ, May 31, 1966, LBJCR, Reel 6.

In Bakersfield, two thousand Negroes: "Negroes on Coast Stone School Bus and Fire a Shack," NYT, May 24, 1966. "Negroes on Coast Stone School Bus and Fire a Shack," NYT, May 24, 1966.

On Memorial Day weekend: "Reagan Shuns Image of Goldwater in Coast Race," NYT, June 1, 1966; Boyarsky, "Reagan Shuns Image of Goldwater in Coast Race," NYT, June 1, 1966; Boyarsky, Rise of Ronald Reagan, Rise of Ronald Reagan, 136. 136.

Milk conviction controversy: Cannon, Governor Reagan, Governor Reagan, 146; "Scurillous Attacks Sent Through Mail, Christopher Claims," LAT, June 2, 1966; "Reagan Nominated in California," NYT, June 8, 1966; "Brown Tells Christopher of Regret for Pearson's Attack," LAT, June 30, 1966. "Wanted" poster: Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California." 146; "Scurillous Attacks Sent Through Mail, Christopher Claims," LAT, June 2, 1966; "Reagan Nominated in California," NYT, June 8, 1966; "Brown Tells Christopher of Regret for Pearson's Attack," LAT, June 30, 1966. "Wanted" poster: Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California."

Christopher fought back with theatrics: "Christopher Puts 7 Queries to Reagan," NYT, June 3, 1966. "Christopher Puts 7 Queries to Reagan," NYT, June 3, 1966.

"Thou shalt not speak ill": Cannon, Cannon, Governor Reagan, Governor Reagan, 14547. 14547.

At a rally in San Francisco's: "Brown Ends Northern Drive, Likens Reagan to Goldwater," LAT, June 3, 1966. LSD ban: "Brown Ends Northern Drive, Likens Reagan to Goldwater," LAT, June 3, 1966. LSD ban: Richmond News Leader, Richmond News Leader, May 30, 1966. May 30, 1966.

In the California Poll: Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California." Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California." He used phrases like "basic": He used phrases like "basic": NYT, May 15, June 1, July 3, 1966. NYT, May 15, June 1, July 3, 1966. He called "the one overriding": He called "the one overriding": "Another Opinion; Reagan States His Case," NYT, October 30, 1966. "Another Opinion; Reagan States His Case," NYT, October 30, 1966.

The leftists of the California Democratic Council: CQ Political Notes, October 1, 1965; Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California"; Boyarsky, October 1, 1965; Anderson and Lee, "1966 Election in California"; Boyarsky, Rise of Ronald Reagan, Rise of Ronald Reagan, 125. 125. One of the president's favorite congressmen: One of the president's favorite congressmen: Wells, Wells, War Within, War Within, 81; "'New Left' Parley on Coast Denounces Brown and Backs Black Power," NYT, October 3, 1966. 81; "'New Left' Parley on Coast Denounces Brown and Backs Black Power," NYT, October 3, 1966. Johnson's poverty czar: Johnson's poverty czar: Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 194. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 194.

Watts hospital bond issue: "Watts Area County Hospital Approved; Supervisors OK Bond Issue on June 7 Ballot," LAT, March 9, 1966; "Reagan Victory Aids GOP Right," NYT, June 9, 1969; Nation, Nation, June 26, 1966. June 26, 1966.

"against all counsels of common sense": "California Primaries," NYT, June 9, 1966. "California Primaries," NYT, June 9, 1966.

Nixon briefed Senator George Murphy: "RMN Call Sandy Quinn," June 16, 1966, RNLB, 501.1. "RMN Call Sandy Quinn," June 16, 1966, RNLB, 501.1.

Reagan dashed off a note: Reagan to Nixon, June 14, RNLB, 501.1. Eisenhower and Scaife meetings: "Eisenhower Meets Reagan and Backs Him for Governor," NYT, June 16, 1966. Reagan to Nixon, June 14, RNLB, 501.1. Eisenhower and Scaife meetings: "Eisenhower Meets Reagan and Backs Him for Governor," NYT, June 16, 1966.

Reagan Was.h.i.+ngton trip: Broder and Hess, Republican Establishment, Republican Establishment, 24344; "Reagan Attacks the Great Society," NYT, June 17, 1966; Sandy Quinn to Rose Mary Woods, RNLB, 501.110. 24344; "Reagan Attacks the Great Society," NYT, June 17, 1966; Sandy Quinn to Rose Mary Woods, RNLB, 501.110.

Nixon Rochester controversy: "Rochester Degree for Nixon Opposed," NYT, April 15, 1966; "Nixon Offers View on Degree Protest," April 16, 1966. "If we are to defend academic": "If we are to defend academic": William Safire, William Safire, Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House (New York: Ballantine, 1977), 2425. (New York: Ballantine, 1977), 2425.

Harold Howe II speech: USNWR, July 4, 1966.

Louise Day Hicks speech: Charles Sumner Brown, "Negro Protest and White Power Structure: The Boston School Controversy, 19631966" (Boston University theology Ph.D. dissertation, 1973).

Sargent Shriver speech: "Shriver in Plea for Rights," NYT, June 6, 1966.

Arthur Schlesinger speech: "McCarthyism Is Feared," NYT, June 6, 1966.

John Steinbeck p.r.o.nounced himself: "What's Happening to America," "What's Happening to America," Sat.u.r.day Evening Post, Sat.u.r.day Evening Post, July 2, 1966. July 2, 1966. Horrified also was the advertising agency: Horrified also was the advertising agency: NYT, June 28, 1966, 92. NYT, June 28, 1966, 92.

CHAPTER FIVE: LONG, HOT SUMMER.

Early in the year a young: John Lewis, John Lewis, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 37374. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 37374.

It was an old argument: Sally Avery Bermanzohn, "Violence, Nonviolence, and the U.S. Civil Rights Movement," in Kenton Worcester, Sally Avery Bermanzohn and Mark Ungar, eds., Sally Avery Bermanzohn, "Violence, Nonviolence, and the U.S. Civil Rights Movement," in Kenton Worcester, Sally Avery Bermanzohn and Mark Ungar, eds., Violence and Politics: Globalization's Paradox Violence and Politics: Globalization's Paradox (New York: Routledge, 2001). (New York: Routledge, 2001). "If we can't sit at the table": "If we can't sit at the table": Charles Silberman in Charles Silberman in Fortune, Fortune, November 1965, in LBJCR, Reel 2. November 1965, in LBJCR, Reel 2.

Stokely Carmichael biography: James Haskins, Profiles in Black Power Profiles in Black Power (New York: Doubleday, 1971), 185202. (New York: Doubleday, 1971), 185202. "This proves," he cried: "This proves," he cried: E. J. Dionne, E. J. Dionne, Why Americans Hate Politics Why Americans Hate Politics (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 82. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 82.

"The murder of Samuel Younge": Lewis, Lewis, Walking with the Wind, Walking with the Wind, 375. 375.

Julian Bond, a SNCC activist: Ibid., 377. Ibid., 377.

"You don't imitate white politics": Haskins, Haskins, Profiles in Black Power, Profiles in Black Power, 190. 190. "We need someone who": "We need someone who": Lewis, Lewis, Walking with the Wind, Walking with the Wind, 383. 383. The brackets were the The brackets were the New York Times New York Times's: "Rights Unit Quits Parley in Capital," NYT, May 24, 1966. "Rights Unit Quits Parley in Capital," NYT, May 24, 1966.

The previous Sunday, James Meredith: "Meredith Begins Mississippi Walk to Combat Fear," NYT, June 6, 1966; Dan T. Carter, "Meredith Begins Mississippi Walk to Combat Fear," NYT, June 6, 1966; Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 303. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 303. Early, inaccurate, reports: Early, inaccurate, reports: Paul Cowan, Paul Cowan, The Making of an Un-American The Making of an Un-American (New York: Viking, 1970), 171. (New York: Viking, 1970), 171. "Meredith Regrets He Was Not Armed": "Meredith Regrets He Was Not Armed": NYT, June 8, 1966, 1. NYT, June 8, 1966, 1.

Meredith sympathy march in general: David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leaders.h.i.+p Conference Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leaders.h.i.+p Conference (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999), 47390; Lewis, (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999), 47390; Lewis, Walking with the Wind, Walking with the Wind, 38789; NYT, June 628, 1966; USNWR, July 11, 1966; CBS News, "The March in Mississippi," MTR (with video of "Black Power" speech). 38789; NYT, June 628, 1966; USNWR, July 11, 1966; CBS News, "The March in Mississippi," MTR (with video of "Black Power" speech).

"Meredith's sacrifice might spur": "Freedom March," WP, June 8, 1966. "Freedom March," WP, June 8, 1966.

"a reverse Hitler": Nation, August 8, 1966. Closing rally: CBS, "March in Mississippi"; "The 'Color' Line Closes on King," LAT, July 3, 1966. August 8, 1966. Closing rally: CBS, "March in Mississippi"; "The 'Color' Line Closes on King," LAT, July 3, 1966.

Vietnam fuel depot bombings: Tom Wells, The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 94, 99. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 94, 99. The next week, at the LBJ Ranch: The next week, at the LBJ Ranch: PPP 320, July 5, 1966. PPP 320, July 5, 1966.

What he did not mention: Wells, Wells, War Within, War Within, 98. 98. "Your daddy may go down": "Your daddy may go down": Ibid., 94. Ibid., 94.

For early history of the Vietnam War I rely on A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 19541975 Our Vietnam: The War, 19541975 (New York: Touchstone, 2000). For combat tactics I rely on Christian Appy, (New York: Touchstone, 2000). For combat tactics I rely on Christian Appy, Working-Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam Working-Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993). (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993).

Ho Chi Minh telegrams to Truman: Tom Bissell, "Was Uncle a Stalinist?" Old Town Review, Old Town Review, December 2004, http://www.fluxfactory.org/otr/bissellhcm.htm. December 2004, http://www.fluxfactory.org/otr/bissellhcm.htm. Richard Nixon, after a visit: Richard Nixon, after a visit: Langguth, Langguth, Our Vietnam, Our Vietnam, 77; Fawn Brodie, 77; Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 32223. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 32223. Falter in Vietnam, Lyndon Johnson claimed: Falter in Vietnam, Lyndon Johnson claimed: Michael Beschloss, Michael Beschloss, Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 19631964 Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 19631964 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 370. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 370.

216,400 U.S. and 13,100 North Vietnamese troops: Appy, Working-Cla.s.s War, Working-Cla.s.s War, 210. 210.

To warn VC, combat battalions: Ibid., 265. Marching at gunpoint to refugee camps: Langguth, Ibid., 265. Marching at gunpoint to refugee camps: Langguth, Our Vietnam, Our Vietnam, 175. 175.

It was "the wrong war": James T. Patterson, James T. Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 19451965 Grand Expectations: The United States, 19451965 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 23132. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 23132. "Within five years": "Within five years": Langguth, Langguth, Our Vietnam, Our Vietnam, 152. 152. the actual number of troops: the actual number of troops: Appy, Appy, Working-Cla.s.s War, Working-Cla.s.s War, 168. 168.

The 1964 Special National Intelligence: Langguth, Langguth, Our Vietnam, Our Vietnam, 318. 318.

LBJ Johns Hopkins University speech: PPP 172, April 7, 1965. But according to a memo: But according to a memo: Langguth, Langguth, Our Vietnam, Our Vietnam, 350. 350.

"Fort Hood Three": Mary Hershberger, Mary Hershberger, Jane Fonda's War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon Jane Fonda's War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon (New York: New Press, 2005), 1920; Wells, (New York: New Press, 2005), 1920; Wells, War Within, War Within, 99; Jerry Lembcke, 99; Jerry Lembcke, The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 35. (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 35.

Los Angeles Times columnist Paul Coates: columnist Paul Coates: "A Long Hot Weekend?" LAT, July 3, 1966. "A Long Hot Weekend?" LAT, July 3, 1966.

Chief Parker was in Sacramento: "Yorty and Parker Urge Riot Laws," June 29, 1966. "Yorty and Parker Urge Riot Laws," June 29, 1966.

Riots broke out in places like: USNWR, July 18, 1966; "Policemen Stoned by Mob in Des Moines," LAT, July 6, 1966. USNWR, July 18, 1966; "Policemen Stoned by Mob in Des Moines," LAT, July 6, 1966. In New York City: In New York City: Tamar Jacoby, Tamar Jacoby, Someone Else's House: America's Unfinished Struggle for Integration Someone Else's House: America's Unfinished Struggle for Integration (New York: Free Press, 1998), 9495. (New York: Free Press, 1998), 9495. In Miami, two factions: In Miami, two factions: NYT, July 5, 1966. NYT, July 5, 1966.