Chapter 31
[309] Ibid.
[310] Slavery in Ma.s.s., p. 61.
[311] Hildreth, vol. ii. pp. 269, 270.
[312] Drake's Boston, p. 574.
[313] Spectator, No. 215, Nov. 6, 1711.
[314] Slavery in Ma.s.s., p. 64.
[315] "In the inventory of the estate of Samuel Morgaridge, who died in 1754, I find,
'Item, three negroes 133, 6_s._, 8_d._ Item, flax 12, 2_s._, 8.'
"In the inventory of Henry Rolfe's estate, taken in April, 1711, I find the following, namely,
'Fifteen sheep, old and young 3, 15_s._ An old gun 2 An old Negroe man 10 0 -------- 13 7_s._'"
--COFFIN, p. 188.
[316] Slavery in Ma.s.s., pp. 64, 65.
[317] Drake, 583, note.
[318] Here is a sample of the sales of those days: "In 1716, Rice Edwards, of Newbury, s.h.i.+pwright, sells to Edmund Greenleaf 'my whole personal estate with all my goods and chattels as also _one negro man_, one cow, three pigs with timber, plank, and boards."--COFFIN, p.
337.
[319] New-England Weekly Journal, No. 267, May 1, 1732.
[320] A child one year and a half old--a nursing child sold from the bosom of its mother!--and _for life!_--COFFIN, p. 337.
[321] Slavery in Ma.s.s., p. 96. Note.
[322] Eight years after this, on the 22d of June, 1735, Mr. Plant records in his diary: "I wrote Mr. Salmon of Barbadoes to send me a Negro." (Coffin, p. 338.) It doesn't appear that the reverend gentleman was opposed to slavery!
[323] Note quoted by Dr. Moore, p. 58.
[324] Hildreth, vol. i. p. 44.
[325] "For they tell the Negroes, that they must believe in Christ, and receive the Christian faith, and that they must receive the sacrament, and be baptized, and so they do; but still they keep them slaves for all this."--MACY'S _Hist. of Nantucket_, pp. 280, 281.
[326] Ancient Charters and Laws of Ma.s.s., p. 117.
[327] Mr. Palfrey relies upon a single reference in Winthrop for the historical trustworthiness of his statement that a Negro slave could be a member of the church. He thinks, however, that this "presents a curious question," and wisely reasons
30. Note.
[328] b.u.t.ts _vs_. Penny, 2 Lev., p. 201; 3 Kib., p. 785.
[329] Hildreth, vol. ii. p. 426.
[330] Ancient Charters and Laws of Ma.s.s., p. 748.
[331] Palfrey, vol. ii. p. 30. Note.
[332] Hist. Mag., vol. v., 2d Series, by Dr. G.H. Moore.
[333] Slavery in Ma.s.s., p. 57, note.
[334] I use the term freeman, because the colony being under the English crown, there were no citizens. All were British subjects.
[335] Ancient Charters and Laws of Ma.s.s., p. 746.
[336] Ibid., p. 386.
[337] Mr. Palfrey is disposed to hang a very weighty matter on a very slender thread of authority. He says, "In the list of men capable of bearing arms, at Plymouth, in 1643, occurs the name of 'Abraham Pea.r.s.e, the Black-moore,' from which we infer... that Negroes were not dispensed from military service in that colony" (History of New England, vol. ii. p. 30, note). This single case is borne down by the laws and usages of the colonists on this subject. Negroes as a cla.s.s were absolutely excluded from the military service, from the commencement of the colony down to the war with Great Britain.
[338] Slavery in Ma.s.s., Appendix, p. 243.
[339] Ma.s.s. Hist. Soc. Coll., vol. viii. 3d Series, p. 336.
[340] Lyman's Report, 1822.
[341] Mather's Magnalia, Book III., p. 207. Compare also p. 209.
[342] Elliott's New-England Hist., vol. ii. p. 165.
[343] Mr. Palfrey comes again with his single and exceptional case, asking us to infer a rule therefrom. See History of New England, note, p. 30.
[344] Chief-Justice Parker, in Andover vs. Canton, 13 Ma.s.s. p. 550.
[345] Slavery in Ma.s.s., p. 62.
[346] Mott's Sketches, p. 17.
[347] At the early age of sixteen, in the year 1770, Phillis was baptized into the members.h.i.+p of the society wors.h.i.+pping in the "Old South Meeting-House." The gifted, eloquent, and n.o.ble Dr. Sewall was the pastor. This was an exception to the rule, that slaves were not baptized into the Church.
[348] All writers I have seen on this subject--and I think I have seen all--leave the impression that Miss Wheatley's poems were first published in London. This is not true. The first published poems from her pen were issued in Boston in 1770. But it was a mere pamphlet edition, and has long since perished.
[349] All the historians but Sparks omit the given name of Peters. It was John.
[350] The date usually given for her death is 1780, while her age is fixed at twenty-six. The best authority gives the dates above, and I think they are correct.
[351] "Her correspondence was sought, and it extended to persons of distinction even in England, among whom may be named the Countess of Huntingdon, Whitefield, and the Earl of Dartmouth."--SPARKS'S _Was.h.i.+ngton_, vol. iii. p. 298, note.
[352] Sparks's Was.h.i.+ngton, vol iii. p. 299, note.
[353] This destroys the last hope I have nursed for nearly six years that the poem might yet come to light. Somehow I had overlooked this note.