Chapter 152
Major BOOTH, _Commanding U. S. Forces, Fort Pillow, Tennessee_:
I have force sufficient to take your works by a.s.sault. I therefore demand an unconditional surrender of all your forces.
Your heroic defence will ent.i.tle you to be treated as prisoners of war, but the surrender must be unconditional. I await your answer.
FORREST, _Major-General, Commanding_.
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES FORCES,) FORT PILLOW, TENNESSEE, April 12, 1864.)
Major-General FORREST, _Commanding Confederate Forces_:
GENERAL: Your demand for the surrender of United States forces under my command received. I ask one hour for consultation with my officers and the commander of gunboat No. 7, at this place. I have the honor to be
Your obedient servant, L. F. BOOTH, _Major, Commanding U. S. Forces, Fort Pillow_.
Major L. F. BOOTH, _Commanding United States Forces_:
I do not demand the surrender of the gunboat No. 7. I ask only for the surrender of Fort Pillow, with men and munitions of war.
You have twenty minutes for consideration. At the expiration of that time, if you do not capitulate, I will a.s.sault your works.
Your obedient servant, FORREST, _Major-General, Commanding_.
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES FORCES, } FORT PILLOW, TENNESSEE, April 12, 1864.}
Major-General FORREST, _Commanding Confederate Forces_:
GENERAL: Your second demand for the surrender of my forces is received. Your demand will not be complied with.
Your obedient servant, L. F. BOOTH, Major, _Commanding U. S. Forces, Fort Pillow_.
I give you the above for your own satisfaction from memory. I think it is true in substance. My present condition would preclude the idea of this being an official statement.
I am, Colonel, your obedient servant, JOHN T. YOUNG, _Captain, Company A, Twenty-fourth Mo. Inf. Vols_.
CAPTAIN J. T. YOUNG TO MAJOR-GENERAL FORREST.
CAHABA, ALABAMA, May 19, 1864.
Major-General FORREST, _C. S. A._:
GENERAL: Your request, made through Judge P. T. Scroggs, that I should make a statement of the treatment of the Federal dead and wounded at Fort Pillow, has been made known to me. Details from Federal prisoners were made to collect the dead and wounded. The dead were buried by their surviving comrades. I saw no ill treatment of their wounded on the evening of the battle, or next morning. My friend, Lieutenant Leaming, Adjutant Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry, was left wounded in the sutler's store near the fort, also a lieutenant Sixth U. S. Artillery; both were alive next morning, and sent on board U. S. transport, among many other wounded. Among the wounded were some colored troops--I don't know how many.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. T. YOUNG, _Captain, Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteers_.
P. S.--I have examined a report said to be made by Captain Anderson (of) A. D. C. to Major-General Forrest, appendix to General Forrest's report, in regard to making disposition of Federal wounded left on the field at Fort Pillow, and think it
JOHN T. YOUNG, _Captain, Twenty-fourth Missouri Volunteers_.
A true copy.
SAMUEL DONALSON, Lieutenant and _A. D. C._ Official, HENRY B. LEE, _A.D.C._
GENERAL WASHBURN TO GENERAL FORREST.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, } MEMPHIS, TENN., July 2, 1864. }
Major-General N. B. FORREST, _Commanding Confederate Forces, near Tupelo_:
GENERAL: Your communications of the twentieth and twenty-third ult. are received. Of the tone and temper of both I do not complain. The desperate fortunes of a bad cause excuse much irritation of temper, and I pa.s.s it by. Indeed, I received it as a favorable augury, and as evidence that you are not indifferent to the opinions of the civilized world.
In regard to the Fort Pillow affair, it is useless to prolong the discussion.
I shall forward your report, which you did me the favor to enclose, to my government, and you will receive the full benefit of it.
The record is now made up, and a candid world will judge of it. I beg leave to send you herewith a copy of the report of the Investigating Committee from the United States Congress on the affair. In regard to the treatment of Major Bradford, I refer you to the testimony contained in that report, from which you will see that he was not attempting to escape when shot. It will be easy to bring the perpetrators of the outrage to justice if you so desire.
I will add to what I have heretofore said, that I have it from responsible and truthful citizens of Brownsville, that when Major Bradford was started under an escort from your headquarters at Jackson, General Chalmers remarked that "he would never reach there."
You call attention, apparently as an offset to this affair of Major Bradford, to outrages said to have been committed by Colonel Fielding Hurst and others of his regiment (Sixth Tennessee Cavalry). The outrages, if committed as stated by you, are disgraceful and abhorrent to every brave and sensitive mind.
On receiving your letter I sent at once for Colonel Hurst, and read him the extract pertaining to him. He indignantly denies the charge against him, and until you furnish me the names of the parties murdered, and the time when, and the place where, the offence was committed, with the names of witnesses, it is impossible for me to act. When you do that, you may rest a.s.sured that I shall use every effort in my power to have the parties accused tried, and if found guilty, properly punished.
In regard to the treatment of colored soldiers, it is evidently useless to discuss the question further.
Your attempt to s.h.i.+ft from yourself upon me the responsibility of the inauguration of a "worse than savage warfare," is too strained and far-fetched to require any response. The full and c.u.mulative evidence contained in the Congressional Report I herewith forward, points to _you_ as the person responsible for the barbarisms already committed.
It was _your_ soldiers who, at Fort Pillow, raised the black flag, and while shooting, bayoneting, and otherwise maltreating the Federal prisoners in their hands, shouted to each other in the hearing of their victims that it was done by "Forrest's orders."
Thus far I cannot learn that you have made any disavowal of these barbarities.
Your letters to me inform me confidently that you have always treated our prisoners according to the rules of civilized warfare, but your disavowal of the Fort Pillow barbarities, if you intend to make any, should be full, clear, explicit, and published to the world.
The United States Government is, as it always has been, lenient and forbearing, and it is not yet too late for you to secure for yourself and your soldiers a continuance of the treatment due to honorable warriors, by a public disclaimer of barbarities already committed, and a vigorous effort to punish the wretches who committed them.
But I say to you now, clearly and unequivocally, that such measure of treatment as you mete out to Federal soldiers will be measured to you again.
If you give no quarter, you need expect none. If you observe the rules of civilized warfare, and treat our prisoners in accordance with the laws of war, your prisoners will be treated, as they ever have been, with kindness.
If you depart from these principles, you may expect such retaliation as the laws of war justify.
That you may know what the laws of war are, as understood by my Government, I beg leave to enclose a copy of General Orders No.
100 from the War Department Adjutant-General's Office, Was.h.i.+ngton, April twenty-four, 1863.
I have the honor to be, sir, Very respectfully yours, C. C. WASHBURN, _Major-General_.