Chapter 59
Unselfish love of country of the Romans, 178.
Character of Stoicism in the worst period of the Roman Empire, 181.
Main features of their philosophy, 185, _et seq._ Difference between the Roman moralists and the Greek poets, 195.
The doctrine of suicide the culminating point of Roman Stoicism, 222.
The type of excellence of the Roman people, 224, 225.
Contrast between the activity of Stoicism and the luxury of Roman society, 225, 226.
Growth of a gentler and more cosmopolitan spirit in Rome, 227.
Causes of this change, 228, _et seq._ Extent of Greek influence at Rome, 228.
The cosmopolitan spirit strengthened by the destruction of the power of the aristocracy, 231, 232.
History of the influence of freedmen in the state, 233.
Effect of the aggrandis.e.m.e.nt of the colonies, the attraction of many foreigners to Rome, and the increased facilities for travelling, on the cosmopolitan spirit, 233, _et seq._ Foreigners among the most prominent of Latin writers, 235.
Results of the mult.i.tudes of emanc.i.p.ated slaves, 235, 236.
Endeavours of Roman statesmen to consolidate the empire by admitting the conquered to the privileges of the conquerors, 238.
The Stoical philosophy quite capable of representing the cosmopolitan spirit, 239.
Influence of eclectic philosophy on the Roman Stoics, 244.
Life and character of Marcus Aurelius, 249-255.
Corruption of the Roman people, 255.
Causes of their depravity, 256.
Decadence of all the conditions of republican virtue, 256.
Effects of the Imperial system on morals, 257-261.
Apotheosis of the emperors, 257.
Moral consequences of slavery, 262.
Increase of idleness and demoralising employments, 262.
Increase also of sensuality, 263.
Destruction of all public spirit, 264.
The interaction of many states which in new nations sustains national life prevented by universal empire, 264.
The decline of agricultural pursuits, 265.
And of the military virtues, 268.
History and effects of the gladiatorial shows, 271.
Other Roman amus.e.m.e.nts, 276.
Effects of the arena
n.o.bles in the arena, 283.
Effects of Stoicism on the corruption of society, 291.
Roman law greatly extended by it, 294.
Change in the relation of Romans to provincials, 297.
Changes in domestic legislation, 297.
Roman slavery, 300-308.
The Stoics as consolers, advisers, and preachers, 308.
The Cynics and rhetoricians, 309, 310.
Decadence of Stoicism in the empire, 317.
Causes of the pa.s.sion for Oriental religions, 318-320.
Neoplatonism, 325.
Review of the history of Roman philosophy, 332-335.
History of the conversion of Rome to Christianity, 336.
State of Roman opinion on the subject of miracles, 365.
Progress of the Jewish and Oriental religions in Rome, 386, 387.
The conversion of the Roman empire easily explicable, 393.
Review of the religious policy of Rome, 397.
Its division of religion into three parts, according to Eusebius, 403.
Persecutions of the Christians, 406, _et seq._ Antipathy of the Romans to every religious system which employed religious terrorism, 420.
History of the persecutions, 429.
General sketch of the moral condition of the Western Empire, ii. 14.
Rise and progress of the government of the Church of Rome, 14, 15.
Roman practice of infanticide, 27.
Relief of the indigent, 73.
Distribution of corn, 74.
Exertions of the Christians on the subversion of the empire, 82.
Inadequate place given to this movement, 85.
Horrors caused by the barbarian invasions prevented to some extent by Christian charity, 81-84.
Influence of Christianity in hastening the fall of the empire, 140, 141.
Roman treatment of prisoners of war, 256-258.
Despotism of the pagan empire, 260.
Condition of women under the Romans, 297.
Their concubines, 350
Rome, an ill.u.s.tration of crimes conducive to national prosperity, i. 58, _note_.
Conversion of, 336.
Three popular errors concerning its conversion, 339.
Capture of the city by the barbarians, ii. 82
Romuald, St., his treatment of his father, ii. 135
Rope-dancing of the Romans, i. 291
Sabinus, Saint, his penances, ii. 108
Sacrament, administration of the, in the early Church, ii. 6
Salamis, Brutus' treatment of the citizens of, i. 194
Sall.u.s.t, his stoicism and rapacity, i. 194
Sanctuary, right of, accorded to Christian churches, ii. 40
Savage, errors into which the deceptive appearances of nature doom him, i.
54.
First conceptions formed of the universe, 349.
The ethics of savages, 120, 121
Scepticism of the Greek and Roman philosophers, i. 162-166.
Influence of, on intellectual progress, ii. 193
Scholastica, St., the legend of, ii. 136, _note_
Scifi, Clara, the first Franciscan nun, ii. 135
Sectarian animosity, chief cause of, i. 134
Sedgwick, Professor, on the expansion of the natural or innate powers of men, i. 121, _note_