Chapter 77
Thus in 'I will do this, _if_ you do,' the _if_ clause is equivalent to the adverb _conditionally_.
They are generally divided into EIGHT cla.s.ses:--
(1) FINAL introduce a clause expressing a _purpose_.
ut, quo... _that_, _in order to_.
ne, quominus... _that not_, _lest_.
qui... _who_ (= ut is...).
_Edo +ut+ vivam._ _+Ne+ ignavum te putemus, fort.i.ter pugna._ _Pauci mihi sunt +quos+ mittam._
(2) CONSECUTIVE introduce a clause expressing a _consequence_ or _result_.
ut... _so that_, _so as to_.
ut non, quin... _so as not to_.
qui... _who (of such a kind as to...)_.
Ex.: _Tam fortis adest nemo ut solus muros ascendat._ _Tam fortis est +ut+ hostes +non+ timeat._ _Dignus erat +qui+ rex fieret._
(3) TEMPORAL.
c.u.m, quando... _when_.
ubi?, ut... _when_, _as_.
simul, simul atque (ac)... _as soon as_.
postquam... _after that_.
dum, donec, quoad... _until_, _as long as_, _while_.
prius... quam, ante... quam... _before that_.
_Discedere +prius+ noluit +quam+ ducem vidisset._ _Pompeius +ut+ equitatum suum pulsum vidit, acie excessit._
(4) CONDITIONAL.
si, nisi? (ni), si non, quod si... _if_, _unless_, _if not_, _but if_.
modo, dummodo, si modo... _if only_, _provided that_.
dummodo ne (dum ne, modo ne)
_Ne promiseris unquam +nisi+ fidem praestare potes._ _Never promise +if+ you cannot keep your word._
(5) COMPARATIVE AND PROPORTIONAL.
ut, uti, sicut, velut... _just as_, _as_.
tanquam, quasi... _as if_.
quo... eo... _the more... the more_.
_Poenas dedit +sicut+ meritus est._ _E corpore +velut+ e carcere, evolat animus._ The soul flies forth from the prison-house of the body.
_+quo+ difficilius +eo+ praeclarius._
(6) CONCESSIVE.
etsi, etiamsi, tametsi... _even if_.
quamquam... _although_.
quamvis, quamlibet... _however much_.
licet, ut, c.u.m... _though_, _although_.
_+c.u.m+ liber esse posset, servire maluit._
(7) CAUSAL.
quia, quod, quoniam, quando... _because_.
c.u.m... _since_.
propterea... quod... _for this reason... that_.
quandoquidem, quippe... _since indeed_, _inasmuch as_.
_Quae +c.u.m+ ita sint, ab urbe discedam._ _Socrates accusatus est +quod+ iuventutem corrumperet._
(8) INTERROGATIVE (with dependent clauses).
cur, utrum... an, num... _why_, _whether... or_, _if_.
quemadmodum, ut... _how_.
ubi?, quando... _when_.
_Caesar +utrum+ iure caesus fuerit, +an+ nefarie necatus, dubitari potest._ _Whether_ Caesar was rightfully put to death, +or+ foully murdered, is open to question.
APPENDIX II
LIST OF IMPORTANT PREFIXES
+I. PREPOSITIONS.+--In these compounds the Prepositions retain their original adverbial force.
A-, AB-, ABS-, = _away_, _from_ (of the starting-place)
(i) = _separation._
abire = _go away_.
abscedere = _go away_.
avocare = _call away_.
(ii) = _consumption._ absumere = _take away_, _consume_.
abuti = _use up_.
AD-, AC-, A-, = to (of a person, place, or thing, as the goal of motion).
(i) = _to_, _at_ (local).
accedere = _approach_.
adfari = _speak to_.
(ii) = _in addition._ acquirere = _get in addition_.